Synthesis and Characterization of Nonlinear Optical Polymers Containing Carbazole and Disperse Red Dye

Dye‐containing nonlinear optical (NLO) polymers were synthesized: (1) poly(3‐(2‐(3‐(2‐isocyanatopropan‐2‐yl)phenyl)‐2‐methylpropyl)‐4‐methyl‐1‐phenylpyrrolidine‐2,5‐dione), P(DR1,Cz)MSt‐PMI], and (2) poly(9‐vinyl‐9H‐carbazole‐co‐disperse red 1), PAVDR1‐Cz]. The synthesized NLO polymers were characterized by ¹H‐NMR, IR, and UV–VIS spectroscopy; differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The electro‐optic (EO) coefficients (r₃₃) and their NLO properties were evaluated by simple reflection and the Maker fringe method. The EO coefficients of P(DR1,Cz)MSt‐PMI] and PAVDR1‐Cz] were measured at 632.8 nm to be 106 and 46.6 pm/V, respectively. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (d₃₃) of P(DR1,Cz)MSt‐PMI] was measured to be 71.25 pm/V.