Simplest Monodentate Imidazole Stabilization of the oxy‐Tyrosinase Cu2O2 Core: Phenolate Hydroxylation through a CuIII Intermediate |
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Authors: | Dr Linus Chiang William Keown Dr Cooper Citek Dr Erik C Wasinger Prof T Daniel P Stack |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA;2. Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Chico, CA, USA |
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Abstract: | Tyrosinases are ubiquitous binuclear copper enzymes that oxygenate to CuII2O2 cores bonded by three histidine Nτ‐imidazoles per Cu center. Synthetic monodentate imidazole‐bonded CuII2O2 species self‐assemble in a near quantitative manner at ?125 °C, but Nπ‐ligation has been required. Herein, we disclose the syntheses and reactivity of three Nτ‐imidazole bonded CuII2O2 species at solution temperatures of ?145 °C, which was achieved using a eutectic mixture of THF and 2‐MeTHF. The addition of anionic phenolates affords a CuIII2O2 species, where the bonded phenolates hydroxylate to catecholates in high yields. Similar CuIII2O2 intermediates are not observed using Nπ‐bonded CuII2O2 species, hinting that Nτ‐imidazole ligation, conserved in all characterized Ty, has functional advantage beyond active‐site flexibility. Substrate accessibility to the oxygenated Cu2O2 core and stabilization of a high oxidation state of the copper centers are suggested from these minimalistic models. |
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Keywords: | coordination chemistry copper dioxygen extreme solution temperatures Nτ imidazole ligation |
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