Recent Developments in Flow Injection/Sequential Injection Liquid-Liquid Extraction for Atomic Spectrometric Determination of Metals and Metalloids |
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| Authors: | Aristidis N. Anthemidis Manuel Miró |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , Aristotle University , Thessaloniki, Greece;2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of the Balearic Islands , Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Abstract This review aims to provide a critical overview of automated flow injection and sequential injection liquid-liquid extraction for preconcentration and/or separation of ultra-trace metal and metalloid species hyphenated with atomic spectrometric detection systems, including some new trends and applications in the subbranches of cloud point extraction (CPE), wetting film extraction (WFE), supported liquid membrane extraction (SLME), extraction chromatography (EChr), and liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) techniques. The analytical performance of flow-injection/sequential injection liquid-liquid extraction methods is markedly affected by the components of the flow network such as segmentor, extraction coil, and phase separator. Thus, an overall presentation of system components along with some novel strategies for interface with atomic spectrometers is discussed and exemplified with selected applications. |
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| Keywords: | Flow injection sequential injection liquid-liquid extraction trace metal determinations atomic spectrometry |
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