Direct Similarity Solution Method and Comparison with the Classical Lie Symmetry Solutions

Abstract

We study the general applicability of the Clarkson–Kruskal’s direct method, which is known to be related to symmetry reduction methods, for the similarity solutions of nonlinear evolution equations (NEEs). We give a theorem that will, when satisfied, immediately simplify the reduction procedure or ansatz before performing any explicit reduction expansions. We shall apply the method to both scalar and vector NEEs in either 1+1 or 2+1 dimensions, including in particular, a variable coefficient KdV equation and the 2+1 dimensional Khokhlov–Zabolotskaya equation. Explicit solutions that are beyond the classical Lie symmetry method are obtained, with comparison discussed in this connection.