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Structural and Catalytic Insight into the Unique Pentacyclic Triterpene Synthase TwOSC |
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| Authors: | Yunfeng Luo Xiaoli Ma Yufan Qiu Yun Lu Siyu Shen Yang Li Haiyun Gao Kang Chen Jiawei Zhou Tianyuan Hu Lichan Tu Huan Zhao Dan Li Faqiang Leng Wei Gao Tao Jiang Changli Liu Luqi Huang Ruibo Wu Yuru Tong |
| Affiliation: | 1. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China These authors contributed equally to this work.;2. National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China These authors contributed equally to this work.;3. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China These authors contributed equally to this work.;4. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China;5. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China;6. State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Media, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China;7. National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China;8. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China |
| Abstract: | The oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC) catalyzed cyclization of the linear substrate (3S)-2,3-oxidosqualene to form diverse pentacyclic triterpenoid (PT) skeletons is one of the most complex reactions in nature. Friedelin has a unique PT skeleton involving a fascinating nine-step cation shuttle run (CSR) cascade rearrangement reaction, in which the carbocation formed at C2 moves to the other side of the skeleton, runs back to C3 to yield a friedelin cation, which is finally deprotonated. However, as crystal structure data of plant OSCs are lacking, it remains unknown why the CSR cascade reactions occur in friedelin biosynthesis, as does the exact catalytic mechanism of the CSR. In this study, we determined the first cryogenic electron microscopy structure of a plant OSC, friedelin synthase, from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f (TwOSC). We also performed quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics simulations to reveal the energy profile for the CSR cascade reaction and identify key residues crucial for PT skeleton formation. Furthermore, we semirationally designed two TwOSC mutants, which significantly improved the yields of friedelin and β-amyrin, respectively. |
| Keywords: | Cryo-EM Structure Enzyme Catalysis Oxidosqualene Cyclase Protein Engineering QM/MM |