Synthesis and application of a carbamazepine-imprinted polymer for solid-phase extraction from urine and wastewater |
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Authors: | Beltran A Caro E Marcé R M Cormack P A G Sherrington D C Borrull F |
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Affiliation: | a Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, Campus Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain b WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK |
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Abstract: | A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) designed to enable the selective extraction of carbamazepine (CBZ) from effluent wastewater and urine samples has been synthesised using a non-covalent molecular imprinting approach. The MIP was evaluated chromatographically in the first instance and its affinity for CBZ also confirmed by solid-phase extraction (SPE). The optimal conditions for SPE consisted of conditioning of the cartridge using acidified water purified from a Milli-Q system, loading of the sample under basic aqueous conditions, clean-up using acetonitrile and elution with methanol. The attractive molecular recognition properties of the MIP gave rise to good CBZ recoveries (80%) when 100 mL of effluent water spiked with 1 μg L−1 was percolated through the polymer. For urine samples, 2 mL samples spiked with 2.5 μg L−1 CBZ were extracted with a recovery of 65%. For urine, the linear range was 0.05-24 mg L−1, the limit of detection was 25 μg L−1 and precision, expressed as relative standard deviation at 0.5 mg L−1 (n = 3), was 3.1% and 12.6% for repeatability and reproducibility between days, respectively. |
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Keywords: | Molecularly imprinted polymer Carbamazepine Solid-phase extraction Urine samples Wastewater |
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