Determination of organophosphorous pesticides in wastewater samples using binary-solvent liquid-phase microextraction and solid-phase microextraction: a comparative study |
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Authors: | Basheer Chanbasha Alnedhary Anass Ali Rao B S Madhava Lee Hian Kee |
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Affiliation: | a Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Republic of Singapore 117543 b Department of Chemistry, Pune University, Pune 411007, India |
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Abstract: | A simple and efficient binary solvent-based two-phase hollow fiber membrane (HFM)-protected liquid-phase microextraction (BN-LPME) technique for moderately polar compounds was developed. Six organophosphorous pesticides (OPPs) (triethylphosphorothioate, thionazin, sulfotep, phorate, disulfoton, methyl parathion and ethyl parathion) were used as model compounds and extracted from 10-mL wastewater with a binary-solvent (toluene:hexane, 1:1) mixture. Some important extraction parameters, such as extraction time, effect of salt, sample pH and solvent ratio composition were optimized. BN-LPME combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) analysis provided repeatability (R.S.D.s ≤ 12%, n = 4), and linearity (r ≤ 0.994) and solid-phase microextraction provides comparable of R.S.D.s ≤ 13%, n = 4 and linearity (r = ≤0.966) for spiked water samples. The limits of detection (LODs) were in the range of 0.3-11.4 ng L−1 for BN-LPME and 3.1-120.5 ng L−1 for SPME at (S/N = 3) under GC/MS selective ion monitoring mode. In addition to high enrichment, BN-LPME also served as a sample cleanup procedure, with the HFM act as a filtering medium to prevent large particles and extraneous materials from being extracted. To investigate and compare their applicability, the BN-LPME and SPME procedures were applied to the detection of OPPs in domestic wastewater samples. |
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Keywords: | Liquid-phase microextraction Binary solvent Solid-phase microextraction Organophosphorous pesticides Environmental analysis |
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