The system K2SO4-K2S |
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Authors: | C W So D Barham |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, M5S 1A4 Toronto, Ontario |
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Abstract: | A new experimental technique has been developed to determine the phase equilibrium diagram for the system K2SO4-K2S.The technique involves isothermal thermogravimetry of potassium sulphate during reduction to potassium sulphide at elevated temperatures in a stream of dry oxygen-free hydrogen gas. Several abrupt changes in the rate of weight loss occur in each curve and these can be related to phase changes in the phase diagram for the system.On the basis of such results the liquidus and solidus (solid solution) boundaries can be located.Simple thermal analysis is used to confirm the eutectic temperature and various liquidus temperatures.The diagram K2SO4-K2S is a simple eutectic system with the eutectic at 610 and 23 mole % K2S. The limits of solid solubility of K2S in K2SO4 and K2SO4 in K2S at the eutectic temperature are 11 % and 36 mole% respectively.The odd shape of the liquidus curves on each side of the eutectic suggests the possibility of phase changes in both K2SO4 and K2S solid solutions. No evidence for this was obtained from thermal analysis.
Zusammenfassung Eine neue experimentelle Technik wurde zur Bestimmung des Phasengleichgewichtsdiagramms des Systems K2SO4-K2S entwickelt.Die Technik umfasst die isotherme Gravimetrie von Kaliumsulfat wÄhrend der Reduktion zu Kaliumsulfid bei erhöhten Temperaturen in strömenden trockenen und Sauerstoff-freien Wasserstoff. Verschiedene plötzliche Änderungen der Geschwindigkeit des Gewichtsverlustes treten bei jeder Kurve auf und können mit den PhasenÄnderungen im Phasendiagramm des Systems in Zusammenhang gebracht werden.Durch diese Ergebnisse können die GrenzflÄchen der flüssigen und der Festphasenlösung festgestellt werden.Die einfache Thermoanalyse wird zur BestÄtigung der eutektischen Temperatur und verschiedener Liquidus-Temperaturen herangezogen.Das Diagramm K2SO4-K2S ist ein einfaches eutektisches System mit dem Eutektikum bei 610 und 23 Mol % K2S. Die Grenzwerte einer festen Lösung von K2S in K2SO4 und K2SO4 in K2S betragen bei der eutektischen Temperatur 11% bzw. 36 Mol %.Die aussergewöhnliche Form der Liquidus-Kurven zu beiden Seiten des Eutektikums lÄsst auf die Möglichkeit von PhasenÄnderungen in den Festlösungen von sowohl K2SO4 wie auch von K2S schliessen Hierzu ergab jedoch die Thermoanalyse keine BestÄtigung.
Résumé Une nouvelle technique expérimentale a été développée afin de déterminer le diagramme d'équilibre des phases dans le système K2SO4-K2S.La technique fait appel à la thermogravimétrie isotherme du sulfate de potassium lors de sa réduction en sulfure de potassium à températures élevées dans un courant de gaz hydrogène sec exempt d'oxygène. Plusieurs changements abrupts de vitesse de perte de poids ont lieu sur chaque courbe et ces changements peuvent Être rapportés aux changements de phases dans le diagramme de phases du système.A partir de tels résultats on peut déterminer les limites du liquidus et du solidus (solution solide).L'analyse thermique simple a été utilisée pour confirmer la température eutectique etdiverses températures du liquidus.Le diagramme K2SO4-K2S forme un système eutectique simple à 610 et 23 p.c. molaires de K2S. Les limites de la solubilité en phase solide de K2S dans K2SO4 et de K2SO4 dans K2S sont, à la température eutectique, respectivement de 11 et 36 mol %.La forme particulière des courbes du liquidus de chaque cÔté de l'eutectique fait penser à la possibilité de changements de phases dans les solutions solides tant de K2SO4 que de K2S, mais l'analyse thermique n'en a pas donné de preuve.
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![Rcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Acy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Mcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1052.gif) ![Mcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1052.gif) ![scy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1089.gif) ![Icy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1048.gif) ![scy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![IEcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Mcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1052.gif) . ![Ncy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ![scy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1089.gif) ![Ncy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Vcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Acy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Ncy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Icy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1048.gif) 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![tcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Vcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ). ![Dcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1044.gif) ![lcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1083.gif) ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Dcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1044.gif) ![tcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Vcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1042.gif) ![IEcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Rcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1056.gif) ![zhcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1078.gif) ![Dcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1044.gif) ![IEcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Ncy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Icy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1048.gif) ![tcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![IEcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Mcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1052.gif) 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![Icy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1048.gif) ![CHcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1063.gif) ![IEcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1045.gif) ![scy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Icy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Acy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Ncy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Acy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1040.gif) ![lcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1083.gif) ![Icy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1048.gif) . ![Icy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Acy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1040.gif) ![gcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1075.gif) ![Rcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Acy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Mcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1052.gif) ![Mcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1052.gif) K2SO4-K2S ![pcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1087.gif) ![Rcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1056.gif) ![IEcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Dcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1044.gif) ![scy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Vcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1042.gif) ![lcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1083.gif) ![softcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1100.gif) ![IEcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1045.gif) ![scy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1089.gif) ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Bcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1041.gif) ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ![pcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1087.gif) ![Rcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ![scy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Ucy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1059.gif) ![IOcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1025.gif) ![Vcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1042.gif) ![tcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![IEcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1045.gif) ![kcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Icy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1048.gif) ![CHcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1063.gif) ![IEcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1045.gif) ![scy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Ucy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1059.gif) ![scy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1089.gif) ![Icy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1048.gif) ![scy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![IEcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Mcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1052.gif) ![IOcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1025.gif) ![Vcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1042.gif) ![tcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![IEcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1045.gif) ![kcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1082.gif) ![tcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Icy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1048.gif) ![kcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ![pcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1087.gif) ![Rcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1056.gif) 610![Dagger](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge8225.gif) ![pcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1087.gif) ![Rcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1056.gif) 23![Mcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1052.gif) ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ![lcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1083.gif) ![softcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1100.gif) ![Ncy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1053.gif) ![ycy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1099.gif) % K2S. ![Rcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1056.gif) ![IEcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Dcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1044.gif) ![IEcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1045.gif) ![lcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1083.gif) ![tcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Vcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1042.gif) ![IEcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Rcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Dcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1044.gif) ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Icy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Rcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Acy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1040.gif) ![scy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Vcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Rcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Icy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Mcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1052.gif) ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ![tcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1090.gif) K2S K2SO4 K2SO4 K2S ![pcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1087.gif) ![Rcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1056.gif) ![tcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![IEcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Mcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1052.gif) ![pcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1087.gif) ![IEcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Acy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1040.gif) ![tcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Ucy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1059.gif) ![Rcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1056.gif) ![IOcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1025.gif) ![Vcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1042.gif) ![tcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![IEcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1045.gif) ![kcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1082.gif) ![tcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Icy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1048.gif) ![kcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1082.gif) ![scy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1089.gif) ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ![scy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Acy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Vcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1042.gif) ![lcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1083.gif) ![softcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1100.gif) ![lcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1083.gif) , ![scy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1089.gif) ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ![tcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Vcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1042.gif) ![IEcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1045.gif) ![tcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![tcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Vcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1042.gif) ![IEcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Ncy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ncy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1053.gif) , 11 36 ![Mcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1052.gif) ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ![lcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1083.gif) ![softcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1100.gif) ![Ncy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1053.gif) ![ycy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1099.gif) ![pcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1087.gif) ![Rcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ![tscy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1094.gif) ![IEcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Ncy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1053.gif) ![tcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1090.gif) . ![Ncy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1053.gif) ![IEcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Bcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1041.gif) ![ycy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1099.gif) ![CHcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1063.gif) ![Acy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Icy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Ncy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1053.gif) ![ycy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1099.gif) ![Vcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Icy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1048.gif) ![kcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Rcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Icy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Vcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1042.gif) ![ycy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1099.gif) ![Icy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1048.gif) ![kcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Vcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Icy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Dcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1044.gif) ![Ucy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1059.gif) ![scy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1089.gif) ![Ncy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1053.gif) ![kcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Acy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1040.gif) ![zhcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1078.gif) ![Dcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1044.gif) ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ![scy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Rcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Ncy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1053.gif) ![IOcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1025.gif) ![Vcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1042.gif) ![tcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![IEcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1045.gif) ![tcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Icy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1048.gif) ![kcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Ucy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1059.gif) ![kcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Acy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1040.gif) ![zhcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1078.gif) ![ycy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1099.gif) ![Vcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Acy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1040.gif) ![IEcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Ncy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Vcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ![zhcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1078.gif) ![Mcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1052.gif) ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ![zhcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1078.gif) ![Ncy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ![scy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Fcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1060.gif) ![Acy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1040.gif) ![zhcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1078.gif) ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ![gcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1075.gif) ![Icy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1048.gif) ![zhcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1078.gif) ![Mcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1052.gif) ![IEcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Ncy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1053.gif) ![IEcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Ncy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Icy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Bcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1041.gif) ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Icy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1048.gif) K2SO4 K2S ![tcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Vcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1042.gif) ![IEcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Rcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Dcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1044.gif) ![ycy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1099.gif) ![Rcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Acy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1040.gif) ![scy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Vcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Rcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Acy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1040.gif) . ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Ncy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Acy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1040.gif) ![kcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1082.gif) , ![Dcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1044.gif) ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ![kcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Acy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1040.gif) ![zhcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1078.gif) ![Acy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1040.gif) ![tcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![IEcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1045.gif) ![lcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1083.gif) ![softcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1100.gif) ![scy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![IOcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1025.gif) ![tcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Mcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1052.gif) ![Ncy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Bcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1041.gif) ![ycy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1099.gif) ![lcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1083.gif) ![pcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1087.gif) ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ![lcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1083.gif) ![Ucy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1059.gif) ![CHcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1063.gif) ![IEcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Ncy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Icy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1048.gif) ![tcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Rcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Mcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1052.gif) ![Icy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1048.gif) ![CHcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1063.gif) ![IEcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1045.gif) ![scy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Ocy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1054.gif) ![gcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1075.gif) ![Acy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Ncy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Acy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1040.gif) ![lcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1083.gif) ![Icy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1048.gif) ![zhcy](/content/n323483l715550p0/xxlarge1078.gif) .
The authors would like to thank the National Research Council of Canada for their financial support. |
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本文献已被 SpringerLink 等数据库收录! |
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