Tailoring thermoresponsive nanostructured poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels made with poly(acrylamide) nanoparticles |
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Authors: | V. V. A. Fernández J. Aguilar F. Becerra J. C. Sánchez-Díaz J. F. A. Soltero P. Ortega-Gudiño E. Hernandez F. Bautista J. E. Puig |
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Affiliation: | 1. Departamento de Ciencias Tecnológicas, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad #1115, Ocotlán, Jalisco, 47820, Mexico 2. Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guadalajara, Boul. M. García Barragán #1451, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44430, Mexico 3. Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Guadalajara, Boul. M. García Barragán #1451, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44430, Mexico 4. Departamento de Física, Universidad de Guadalajara, Boul. M. García Barragán #1451, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44430, Mexico
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Abstract: | The thermoresponsive behavior and mechanical properties of nanostructured hydrogels, which consist of poly(acrylamide) nanoparticles embedded in a cross-linked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel matrix, are reported here. Nanostructured hydrogels exhibit a tuned volume phase transition temperature (T VPT), which varies with nanoparticle content in the range from 32 up to 39–40 °C. Moreover, larger equilibrium water uptake, faster swelling and de-swelling rates, and larger equilibrium swelling at 25 °C were obtained with nanostructured hydrogels compared with those of conventional ones. Elastic and Young’s moduli were larger than those of conventional hydrogels at similar swelling ratios. The tuned T VPT and the de-swelling rate were predicted with a modified Flory–Rehner equation coupled with a mixing rule that considers the contribution of both polymers. These behaviors are explained by a combination of hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions and by the controlled inhomogeneities (nanoparticles) introduced by the method of synthesis. |
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