古化石与陨石的元素对比分析

古化石是古代的动植物经过漫长地质时期和地质作用形成的化石,它是地球历史的鉴证,记载着地球生态环境演变的信息;长时间遨游于太阳系中的陨石,经过宇宙间的核反应和大气的磨蚀,形成了独特的纹理与造型,记载着外太空形成演化的原始信息。古化石成分的分析是研究地球生物起源和进化的科学依据;而陨石是大自然馈赠的来自外太空的岩石样品,极为珍贵和稀少,对陨石成分的分析可以为我国外星球探测和天体化学的发展提供更好的基础。对样品的溶解方法进行选择和优化,最终以硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸为混合试剂,采用微波消解法溶解古化石样品;以王水、硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸为混合试剂,采用微波消解与湿法消解相结合溶解陨石样品,应用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了3种古化石样品、3种陨石样品中多种元素的含量,并将古化石与陨石中相同元素的含量进行对比。分析结果表明,古化石和陨石中都含有Pb,Hg,Ge,Fe,Ni,Cu,Co和Mn等重金属元素,以及部分稀土元素。该方法加标回收率在98.2%~106%之间,相对标准偏差均小于2.12%。方法的灵敏度高,准确度和精密度好。

Study on the Element Composition of Ancient Fossils and Meteorites

The ancient fossils are formed by the ancient animals and plants after a long geological period and geological processes. They have witnessed the history of the earth and recorded the information of the evolution of the earth’s ecological environment;Meteorites traveling in the solar system for a long time with the abrasion of nuclear reactions and atmosphere of the universe, have formed a unique shape and texture.They recorded the original information about the formation and evolution of out space. The analysis of the ancient fossils composition is the scientific basis for the study of the origin and evolution of the earth;the me-teorites as rock sample from outer space are gifts from nature.They are extremely valuable and rare;the analysis of the composi-tion of meteorites can provide a better foundation for the development of the foreign planet exploration and the development of the celestial chemistry.In this paper,the method of sample dissolution was selected and optimized.The final choice of nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid and perchloric acid as the mixed reagent,a microwave digestion method was used in treatment of ancient fossil samples;The aqua regia,nitric acid,hydrofluoric acid and perchloric acid as the mixed reagent,both microwave digestion meth-od and wet digestion method were used in treatment of meteorite samples.Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrom-etry (ICP-AES)was used to determine three different ancient fossil samples and three meteorite samples.And the content of same elements was compared.Analysis results show that the ancient fossils and meteorites contain Pb,Hg,Ge,Fe,Ni,Cu, Co,Mn and other heavy metal elements as well as part of the rare earth element.The standard addition recovery of the method was between 98.2%~106%,and the relative standard deviation was less than 2.12%.The method had high sensitivity,accura-cy and precision.