全腔输出半透明阴极相对论磁控管的结构改进和性能提升

对全腔输出半透明阴极相对论磁控管做了进一步的改进，并对其进行了物理分析和三维全电磁粒子模拟研究。通过半透明阴极结构的改进，即改变阴极角向方位和阴极发射面高度参差设计以及局部参数优化，使得在较宽的工作参数范围内，器件起振初期可能出现的模式竞争得到抑制，起振时间进一步缩短，同时输出效率得到较大提高。在注入电子束电压和电流分别约为518 kV和4.1 kA、外加磁场为0.575 T时，模拟在S波段获得了效率大于66%、功率约1.42 GW的微波输出。同时还给出了电子束电压和外加磁场等参数在一定范围内变化时对输出性能的影响规律。研究结果可应用于高效紧凑型相对论磁控管的实验研究。

Structure optimization and performance improvements of relativistic magnetron using all-cavity output and semi-transparent cathode

Based on our findings published in 2016, we have carried out further studies on the performance improvements of the relativistic magnetron using all-cavity output and semi-transparent cathode. By modifying the semi-transparent cathode, that is, rotating it in azimuthal direction and using uneven height of the electron emission surfaces, and partially optimizing of the cathode parameters, the mode competitions in the initial stage are prohibited effectively in relatively wider range of the operating parameters. At the same time, the starting up time is shortened and the output efficiency is improved obviously. After optimization, the three dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show that with the beam voltage of 518 kV and beam current of 4.1 kA, 1.42 GW output microwave with efficiency about 66% can be obtained at S-band. The corresponding applied magnetic field is 0.575 T. The effects of the beam voltage and applied magnetic field on the output characteristics are also obtained.