水热裂解开采稠油技术研究的进展

从水热裂解反应、催化作用下的水热裂解反应、反应机理及水热裂解开采稠油现场应用实验等四个方面综述了国内外水热裂解开采稠油技术的研究进展。并对此技术的研究成果及未来发展进行了探讨，认为水热裂解开采稠油技术具有很高的潜在价值，是未来经济高效开采稠油的新途径。当前水热裂解开采稠油技术的主要研究方向是深入研究高温水的特性及其作用；对更多稠油中可能参与水热裂解反应的不同组分，选用合适的模型化合物进行模拟实验或其它方法，建立这些组分的反应热力学和动力学模型库；然后，根据具体稠油中所含的组分，设计水热裂解反应的路线，选择合适的催化剂，促使反应向稠油改质降粘的方向进行。其中，最关键的还是针对不同稠油研制成本低、活性和选择性高、反应条件宽的催化剂，并筛选或研制协同效果好的助剂，进而研究催化剂及其助剂在油层中与稠油作用的机理，设计合理的现场实施技术和工艺。

RESEARCH PROGRESS OF RECOVERING HEAVY OIL BY AQUATHERMOLYSIS

The research progress of heavy oil recovery by aquathermolysis is reviewed this paper, mainly from the aspects of aquathermolytic reactions, the catalytic reactions is the mechanism of these reactions, and the field application of recovering heavy oil by aquathermolysis. At the same time, the research results and the future of aquathermolysis are discussed. It is addressed that the aquathermolysis, a new method to recover heavy oil commercially and efficiently, has very high potential value. At present, the research in recovering heavy oil by aquathermolysis has been directed more towards study in investigating more characteristics and effects of high temperature water, examining the aquathermolytic behavior of special components of a wider range of heavy oil samples by choosing proper model compound or other methods, then establishing a protocol of thermodynamics and kinetics models of these components, so as to design the aquathermolytic reactions and screening crucial catalysts which can accelerate the visbreaking reactions to upgrade the heavy oil. The key research work is still developing a series cheaper catalysts with higher activity and selectivity, accordingly with lower sensitivity to the aquathermolytic conditions for different heavy oils, screening or developing some additives with good synergistic effects, eventually, projecting the field applied techniques.