不同碳源催化化学气相沉积制备自支撑C/Ni-Fiber复合电极材料的电容脱盐性能

以甲烷、乙烯、乙醇和正丁醇为碳源,通过催化化学气相沉积在具有三维开放网络结构的烧结8μm-Ni金属纤维上沉积碳的方法,制备了以金属Ni纤维网络为集流极、沉积碳为离子存储库的薄层大面积自支撑C/Ni-fiber复合电极材料.用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、热重分析（TGA）、X射线衍射（XRD）、N₂-吸脱附等温线和循环伏安与电化学阻抗谱对电极材料进行了表征,并考察了其作为电极的电容脱盐性能.乙烯、甲烷、正丁醇和乙醇为碳源的沉积碳形态分别为鱼骨状碳纳米管（CNTs）、石墨烯面取向与轴平行的CNTs、棒状和蠕虫状碳纳米纤维（CNFs）.C/Ni-fiber复合电极材料对NaCl的电吸附容量顺序为:乙烯>正丁醇>甲烷>乙醇,这与复合电极的电化学特性、孔结构和碳的纳米结构相关.在1.2 V的工作电压下,以乙烯为碳源制备的C/Ni-fiber复合电极材料对水溶液中NaCl(100 mg·L^-1)的电吸附容量达159μmol·g^-1.

Self-supporting Macroscopic Carbon/Ni-Fiber Hybrid Electrodes Prepared by Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition Using Various Carbonaceous Compounds and Their Capacitive Deionization Performance

We prepared a series of self-supported macroscopic C/Ni-fiber hybrid electrodes by catalytic chemical vapor deposition（CCVD） using methane,ethylene,ethanol and n-butanol as carbon sources to embed carbon onto a three-dimensional network of sinter-locked conductive 8μm-nickel fibers.For the as-prepared hybrid electrodes,the Ni-microfibrous network serves as a current collector and the carbons as ion storage media while the macroporous void space serves as an electrolyte reservoir.We characterized the hybrid electrodes using scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,transmission electron microscopy（TEM）,thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,N₂ isothermal adsorption-desorption, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.The desalination performance of the C/Ni-fiber hybrids was evaluated as electrodes in a capacitive deionization system.The carbon morphology is dependent on the carbonaceous compounds used in CCVD:carbon nanotubes （CNTs） with fishbone-like structure,CNTs with inclined graphene layers parallel to the tube axis,rod-like carbon nanofibers（CNFs） and worm-like CNFs for ethylene,methane,n-butanol and ethanol.The desalination performance of these hybrid electrodes with respect to the carbonaceous compounds decreases as follows:ethylene>n-butanol>methane>ethanol,which correlates with their electrochemical features,pore structures and their carbon nanostructures.The hybrid electrodes obtained using ethylene as the carbon source gave a maximum eiectrosorption capacity of 159μmol·g^-1 using a direct current voltage of 1.2 V and a 100 mg·L^-1 NaCI aqueous solution as raw water.