大尺度上藓类植物嵌套分布格局及其保护策略——基于中国东部自然保护区和国家森林公园数据的分析

在大的空间尺度上，研究了我国苔藓植物多样性的地理分布格局，系统地收集了1 534种藓类植物在我国中东部地区80个自然保护区和国家森林公园分布的数据，分析了中国藓类植物主要类群在80个地理单元物种分布的嵌套水平和多样性保护的SLOSS（single large or several small）策略.研究发现，藓类、侧蒴藓类、顶蒴藓类、金发藓类-烟杆藓类、泥炭藓科（Spagnaceae）、丛藓科（Pottiaceae）、青藓科（Brachytheciaceae）、木灵藓科（Orthotrichaceae）、曲尾藓科（Dicranaceae）和真藓科（Bryaceae）存在明显的嵌套分布现象.不同地区之间的藓类植物，以贵州境内保护区的藓类植物嵌套分布程度最高，浙江和两广地区的为最低.无论从科还是从属和种的水平上，在面积相近的情况下，均倾向于建立一个大的自然保护区（SL）策略，特别是对于木灵藓科、金灰藓科（Pylaisiaceae）、曲尾藓科、泥炭藓科、提灯藓科.对生境专一性强的种类越多的藓类群，越倾向于SL策略.就不同的地理区域来讲，在浙江境内建立自然保护区，更倾向于建立多个小的保护区（SS）策略，在贵州境内更倾向于SL策略.

Nested pattern of mosses and their conservation strategies at a large scale: based on data from nature reserves and forest parks of the eastern China

On a large spatial scale, investigation and clarification of geographical distribution pattern of moss diversity in China is of significance for overall arrangement in relation to diversity reserves. In this paper, the floristic data of 1 534 moss species from 80 reserves and national forest parks in the eastern China were collected. Based on these data, the nested level of mosses and their main categories among 80 geographical units, and the SLOSS (single large or several small) strategies were analyzed. The results indicated that significant nested distribution patterns were found in mosses (as a whole), pleurocarpous mosses, acrocarpous mosses, Buxbaumiidae-Polytrichidae mosses, Spagnaceae, Pottiaceae, Brachytheciaceae, Orthotrichaceae, Dicranaceae and Bryaceae by using either matrix temperaute or NODF metrics, with a significance value at P<0.001 against the expected value of null model. Considering the ratios of mean expected matrix temperature to the observed value, the nestedness level of Buxbaumiidae-Polytrichidae was higher than that of Spagnaceae mosses. Among the mosses in different regions, the level of nestedness in the reserves in Guizhou was higher than that in Zhejiang, and also in Guangdong and Guangxi. Within 80 nature reserves, no matter from the family, or from the genus or species level, for a similar area, SL strategy (single large nature reserve) is suitable for Orthotrichaceae, Pylaisiaceae, Dicranaceae, and Mniaceae. The taxa, if contain a high proportion of specialists, had better to be reserved by using SL strategy. In terms of different geographical regions, SS strategy (several small nature reserves) was better than SL strategy for establishing nature reserves in Zhejiang, while SL strategy would be better in Guizhou.