有序介孔二氧化硅/聚苯胺复合物

本文综述了有序介孔二氧化硅/聚苯胺复合物从出现至今的10余年里的研究进展，介绍了复合物的合成方法，包括气相法、液相法和一步合成法，以及模板剂单体原位合成法等。引入苯胺单体后在孔道内聚合生成聚苯胺，即聚苯胺与有序介孔二氧化硅形成了复合物。该复合物的结构和形貌，以及孔道中聚苯胺的结构形态和电学性质，与本体聚苯胺相比具有显著的变化。这种以有序介孔二氧化硅为模板制备的聚苯胺的单分子导线，有潜力应用在新型的电子或光电子器件上。此外，该复合物因为其独特性质很可能在燃料电池的聚合物电解质膜、湿度传感器、电流变材料以及电化学电容器等方面得到应用。

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The research of ordered mesoporous silica/polyaniline composites up to new is reviewed. The synthesis routes, such as the gas-phase method, the liquid-phase method, the one-step synthesis method and the related template-monomer in situ synthesis method etc. are introduced. Polyaniline, which is polymerized in the mesoporous channels by the filling of aniline monomers, binds to mesoporous silica to form the composites of mesoporous silica and polyaniline. Compared with bulk polyaniline, the structure and morphologies of the composites, as well as the structure and electrical properties of polyaniline in the mesoporous channels are greatly changed after formation of composites, The single molecular wire of polyaniline, which is templated by the ordered mesoporous silica, has potential application in the novel electronic or optoelectronic materials. Moreover, the composites for its unique properties can be used in various fields, including polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cells, humidity sensors, electrorheological materials, and electrochemical capacitors.