天山天池景区地质灾害防治与生态环境保护关键技术研究及应用

天山天池景区地处中亚山地,地震活跃,冰川退缩显著,过度放牧突出,地质灾害与生态灾害发育。据研究发现,泥石流淤积天池每年达7.3万m3以上,若任凭其淤积天池寿命仅余400年,极端条件下缩短为80年。然而,泥石流是否还会发生,泥石流规模如何,如何处置等一直是困扰当地政府的难题。为此,中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所开展了天山天池景区地质灾害防治与生态环境保护关键技术研究项目,通过长达11年的持续攻关,项目组发现了泥石流由地震、过度放牧与极端气候控制并还会发生。针对泥石流属低频稀性冰川暴雨型的性质,项目组采用"固拦排清"的方式防治泥石流,采用生态移民和坡降调整及国家咨询决策防治区域生态灾害,不仅解决了景区地质灾害与生态灾害综合防治难题,实现了拦沙减沙、流域生态植被与谷地森林的示范性恢复,还产生了巨大的经济社会与生态环境效益。这一研究成果已在一些地区得到了推广应用,效果显著。

Research and Application on Tianshan Tianchi Scenic Geological Disaster Prevention and Environment Protection key Technology

Tianshan Tianchi Lake is located in the mountains of Central Asia,where earthquake is active, glacial retreat significantly,overgrazing prominent geological disasters and ecological disaster development.It is found that up to 73,000 m³ of debris flow deposition per year or more,if left to its deposition Tianchi Lake can only last 400 years, under extreme conditions is shortened to 80 years.However, whether landslides will happen, how the mudslides scale is, how disposal has troubled the local government. To this end,Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences carries out the geological disaster prevention and environment protection key technology research projects of Tianshan Tianchi Lake.By up to 11 years of continuous research,the project team found a debris flow by the earthquake,overgrazing and extreme climate controlled and will happen.For the case of low-thinning glaciers mudslides rainstorm type of nature,the project team using the "solid bar emptying" approach in controlling debris,using ecological migration and slope adjustment and national decision-prevention consulting regional ecological disaster.This not only solved the scenic and ecological geological disasters comprehensive disaster prevention and control problems,to achieve a reduction of sand and silt detention,exemplary forest vegetation and the valley watershed restoration,also produced a huge economic and social and ecological benefits.The research results have been popularized in some areas and the effect is significant.