Superfluidity and phase transitions in a resonant Bose gas |
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Authors: | Leo Radzihovsky Jae I. Park |
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Affiliation: | a Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA b BAE Systems, Advanced Information Technologies, 6 New England Executive Park, Burlington, MA 01803, USA c National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305-3328, USA |
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Abstract: | The atomic Bose gas is studied across a Feshbach resonance, mapping out its phase diagram, and computing its thermodynamics and excitation spectra. It is shown that such a degenerate gas admits two distinct atomic and molecular superfluid phases, with the latter distinguished by the absence of atomic off-diagonal long-range order, gapped atomic excitations, and deconfined atomic π-vortices. The properties of the molecular superfluid are explored, and it is shown that across a Feshbach resonance it undergoes a quantum Ising transition to the atomic superfluid, where both atoms and molecules are condensed. In addition to its distinct thermodynamic signatures and deconfined half-vortices, in a trap a molecular superfluid should be identifiable by the absence of an atomic condensate peak and the presence of a molecular one. |
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Keywords: | BEC Feshbach Quantum phase transition Superfluidity Vortices Condensate BCS Bose-Einstein Squeezed |
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