作为锂离子电池负极材料的三维有序大孔 SnO2的制备及表征

通过聚苯乙烯(PS)胶晶模板法合成了三维有序大孔(3DOM) SnO2. 运用扫描电镜、热重分析、X射线衍射、电化学充放电等多种方法对其结构和性能进行了表征和研究. SEM图表明PS胶晶模板微球排列规整, 大小均匀(直径275±10 nm), 形成多层六方紧密堆积排列; 煅烧除去模板后的3DOM SnO2呈三维多孔网络结构, 具有圆型和六边形的孔隙形貌, 其孔径大小为(215±10) nm; 孔壁由SnO2纳米晶粒组成, 壁厚为20～30 nm. XRD图谱表明经过煅烧除去模板后, 形成了纯SnO2相. 当作为锂离子电池负极材料时, 3DOM SnO2表现出较好的充放电容量和库仑效率. 此外, 这种合成方法简单、经济, 可进一步应用于其它锂离子电池材料的合成.

Preparation and Characterization of Three-dimensionally Ordered Macroporous SnO2 Microparticles as Lithium Ion Battery Anode

Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) SnO2 was synthesized by using polystyrene (PS) colloidal crystal templates. The character of 3DOM SnO2 was measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical methods. SEM micrographs showed that the PS colloidal crystal template spheres (diameters 275±10 nm) arrayed into hexagonally close-packed layers. The synthesized 3DOM SnO2 microparticles were circularly or hexagonally porous and the thin porous walls were formed by nanocrystals of SnO2. The macroporous diameters of the 3DOM SnO2 were between (215±10) nm and the thicknesses of the porous walls was between 20～30 nm. X-ray diffraction indicated that a pure SnO2 phase was produced after calcination. When the 3DOM SnO2 microparticles were used as anode materials for lithium ion batteries, they exhibited extraordinarily high discharge/charge capacities and columbic efficiency. In addition, the reported synthetic procedure is easy and inexpensive, which can be extended for the synthesis of other 3DOM materials for lithium ion batteries.