Growth and optical damage properties of In:Zn:LiNbO3 waveguide substrate

In:Zn:LiNbO₃ crystals doped with different indium concentrations were grown by Czochralski technique. The optical damage threshold value and ultraviolet‐visible absorption spectra of the In:Zn:LiNbO₃ crystals were measured. The In:Zn:LiNbO₃ crystals were made into optical waveguide substrates using hexanedioic acid as proton exchange agent. The optical damage resistant ability of those optical waveguide substrates was investigated by the m‐line method. The optical damage threshold values of In(2mol.%):Zn(3mol.%):LiNbO₃ crystal and optical waveguide substrate are two orders of magnitude higher than those of pure LiNbO₃. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)