园林文化遗产三维数字化测绘与信息管理研究进展

为了解三维数字化测绘和信息管理技术应用于园林文化遗产对象的研究进展,通过梳理三维数字化测绘和信息技术应用于园林文化遗产及其相关对象的中、英文文献,从近景摄影测量、三维激光扫描和多技术综合测绘等三维数字化测绘技术与三维地理信息系统和信息模型等三维信息管理技术等方面,分析了三维数字化测绘和信息管理技术应用于园林文化遗产对象的技术特点、应用情况和相关案例。笔者认为,文化遗产保护工作至关重要,三维数字化测绘和信息技术的应用在古建筑、古遗址等对象上收获颇丰,园林文化遗产研究成果相对较少,但足以证明其应用具优势,且将成为必然趋势。三维数字化测绘方法上,近景摄影测量和三维激光扫描技术各有千秋,利用多传感器的综合测绘方法能够克服单一技术和仪器的局限,是园林文化遗产数据获取的理想方法;三维信息管理方法上,三维地理信息系统的应用和园林信息模型等概念将成为园林文化遗产信息管理的研究热点。园林文化遗产保护,乃至风景园林学科,将向基于三维数字化、信息化技术的方向发展。利用现代三维数字化测绘和信息技术进行数据采集、处理、储存和信息管理、维护、更新、分析,对园林文化遗产的保护、研究和可持续利用具有重大的历史和现实意义。

A review of three-dimensional digital surveying and information management for garden cultural heritages

The aim of this study was to understand the advances in the research into the applications of three-dimensional (3D) digital surveying and information management techniques on garden cultural heritages. In this study, we analyzed Chinese and English literature for applications of 3D digital surveying and information management techniques related to the garden cultural heritage. Then, we assessed the techniques features, application situations, and related cases for 3D digital surveying and information techniques applications on garden cultural heritages from the perspective of 3D digital surveying techniques, such as close-range photogrammetry, 3D laser scanning, and multi-technology integrated surveying, as well as 3D information management techniques, such as the 3D geographic information system and information model. Cultural heritage protection work is crucial. We noted abundant research applications for 3D digital surveying and information techniques focused on culture heritage objects, such as ancient architectural sites, but few was focused on the garden cultural heritage. However, there were sufficient applications to confirm the advantages of such application, and it was inevitable that these methods would become the norm. Regarding 3D digital surveying methods, close-range photogrammetry and 3D laser scanning technologies had their own advantages and disadvantages. An integra-ted surveying method with multiple sensors could overcome the limitation of a single technology and instrument and was an ideal method for acquiring data regarding the garden cultural heritage. With regard to 3D information management methods, the applications of 3D geographic systems and landscape information model were the focus of research on information management for the landscape cultural heritage. Protecting landscape cultural heritages and even the discipline of landscape architecture will help show progress regarding 3D digitization and informatization. It is of great historical and practical significance to collect, process, store data and to manage, maintain, update, and analyze information for the protection, study, and sustainable utilization of garden cultural heritages.