选择性传输的仿生水通道的研究进展

水通道蛋白是对水分子具有高选择性和渗透性的跨膜蛋白。仿生水通道是由各种无机或有机材料,如碳纳米材料、有机化合物以及肽等分别自组装而成,旨在模仿天然水通道蛋白的结构和功能。本文介绍了水通道蛋白的种类、结构及其特异性透水机理,在此基础上分别对以碳纳米材料、有机及肽孔的仿生水通道的研究进展进行了综述。重点阐述了三类仿生水通道的材料特性及其对仿生水通道结构和功能的影响。最后针对现有仿生水通道的不足,提出了开发新型仿生水通道面临的挑战,并展望了仿生水通道的发展前景。

Progress in Biomimetic Water Channels of Selective Transport

Aquaporins (Aquaporins, AQPs) are transmembrane proteins with high selectivity and permeability to water molecules. Biomimetic water channel is self-assembled from various inorganic or organic materials, such as carbon nanomaterial, organic compounds and peptides, aiming to mimic natural Aquaporins. This review describes the structure of AQPs and specific water permeability functions. On this basis, the research progress of biomimetic water channel based on carbon nanomaterial, organic and peptide pore are reviewed. This review focus on the material properties of three kinds of biomimetic water channel and their effects on the structure and function of biomimetic water channel. Finally, in view of the shortcomings of the existing biomimetic water channel, the challenge and prospect of developing novel biomimetic water channel are proposed.