仿生矿化增强材料

近年来,随着材料科学领域的发展,机械性能优异且具有特定功能的有机-无机复合材料成为了研究热点。而天然的生物矿化过程产生了在自然界中分布广泛、结构特征多样性、机械性能优异的天然生物矿物,比如牙齿、骨骼、珍珠、贝壳、海胆刺、海洋红虫颚等。这些天然复合增强材料中的矿化组织结构特点和矿化机理为仿生设计与合成具有特定结构、特定功能和优异机械性能的材料提供了理论依据。通过模拟天然过程的仿生矿化方法,利用有机基质调控无机矿物成核生长为固态矿物,最终能够定向组装具有特定有序结构和先进功能的有机-无机复合材料。本文主要综述了自然界中通过生物矿化过程得到的高强度、高韧性的天然复合增强材料,以及受生物矿化增强现象的启发,在化学与材料仿生矿化合成中出现的一些有机-无机复合的增强材料。

Materials Enhanced by Biomimetic Mineralization

In recent years, with the development of material science, organic-inorganic composites with excellent mechanical properties and specific functions have become a hot research topic. The natural processes of biomineralization have produced widely distributed biominerals with a wide variety of unique composite materials and excellent mechanical properties, such as tooth, bone, pearl, shellfish, sea urchin thorn, marine bloodworm jaw. The characteristics of biominerals structure and mineralization mechanisms in natural composite materials provide a theoretical basis for biomimetic design and synthesis of materials with specific structure, specific function and excellent mechanical properties. By learning the principle of biomineralization, biomimetic mineralization is a crystallization process, by which an organic matrix regulates the nucleation of inorganic minerals, and grows into organic-inorganic hybrid minerals with ordered structures and advanced functions. This paper reviews the natural reinforced composite materials with high hardness and high toughness fabricated by natural biomineralization process, and a number of artificial organic-inorganic reinforced composite materials inspired by the reinforcing and toughening mechanisms in biomineralization.