Signal enhancement in solid-state NMR of quadrupolar nuclei |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4L8;2. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4M1;1. Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;2. Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;3. Schlumberger-Doll Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;1. Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Lodz 90-363, Poland;2. UCCS, University Lille North of France, Villeneuve d’Ascq 59652, France;3. JEOL RESONANCE Inc., Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan;4. RIKEN CLST-JEOL Collaboration Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan;5. Physics Department, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;1. Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8181-UCCS, Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France;2. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;3. Bruker France, 34 rue de l’Industrie, F-67166 Wissembourg, France;4. Institut Universitaire de France, 1, rue Descartes, 75231 Paris, France;1. NMR Science and Development Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, and Nano-Crystallography Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan;2. Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre, University of Torino, V.P. Giuria 7, 10125, Italy;3. School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;4. JEOL RESONANCE Inc., Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Recent progress in the development and application of signal enhancement methods for NMR of quadrupolar nuclei in solids is presented. First, various pulse schemes for manipulating the populations of the satellite transitions in order to increase the signal of the central transition (CT) in stationary and rotating solids are evaluated (e.g., double-frequency sweeps, hyperbolic secant pulses). Second, the utility of the quadrupolar Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill (QCPMG) and WURST-QCPMG pulse sequences for the rapid and efficient acquisition of particularly broad CT powder patterns is discussed. Third, less frequently used experiments involving polarization transfer from abundant nuclear spins (cross-polarization) or from unpaired electrons (dynamic nuclear polarization) are assessed in the context of recent examples. Advantages and disadvantages of particular enhancement schemes are highlighted and an outlook on possible future directions for the signal enhancement of quadrupolar nuclei in solids is offered. |
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