Recent progress on immobilization of enzymes on molecular sieves for reactions in organic solvents |
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Authors: | Yan Ai-Xin Li Xuan-Wen Ye Yun-Hua |
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Institution: | (1) Key Laboraotry of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China |
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Abstract: | Enzymes exhibit high selectivity and reactivity under normal conditions but are sensitive to denaturation or inactivation
by pH and temperature extremes, organic solvents, and detergents. To extend the use of these biocatalysts for practical applications,
the technology of immobilization of enzymes on suitable supports was developed. Recently, these immobilized biomolecules have
been widely used and a variety of immobilization supports have been studied. The majority of these supports cover diverse
kinds of materials such as natural or synthetic polyhydroxylic matrives, porous in organic carriers, and all kinds of functional
polymers. Microporous molecular sieve, zeolite, has attracted extensive interest in research because of its distinctive physical
properties and geochemistry. Recently, with the discovery of a new family of mesoporous molecular sieves, MCM-41, this series
of materials shows great potential for various applications. Molecular sieves involve such a series of materials that can
discriminate between molecules, particularly on the basis of size. As support materials, they offer interesting properties,
such as high surface areas, hydrophobic or hydrophilic behavior, and electrostatic interaction, as well as mechanical and
chemical resistance, making them attractive for enzyme immobilization. In this article, different types of molecular sieves
used in different immobilization methods including physical adsorption on zeolite, entrapment in mesoporous and macroporous
MCM series, as well as chemically covalent binding to functionalized molecular sieves are reviewed. Key factors affecting
the application of this biotechnology are discussed systematically, and immobilization mechanisms combined with newly developed
techniques to elucidate the interactions between matrixes and enzyme molecules are also introduced. |
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Keywords: | Zeolite molecular sieve enzyme immobilization MCM-41 matrix |
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