壳聚糖与尿素的相互作用及其应用研究进展

尿素能够显著破坏甲壳素/壳聚糖分子氢键结构和疏水相互作用,增加其临界胶束浓度,促进多糖大分子的溶解,并能减少其在溶液中的自聚集现象.碱-尿素水溶液可以作为一种新型的甲壳素/壳聚糖绿色溶剂,有望用于对刺激性要求较为苛刻的食品、生物医学等领域.壳聚糖衍生物特别是其与过渡金属离子的配合物具有良好的尿素吸附功能,可用于尿毒症患者血液中小分子毒物的吸附,对机体刺激性小且不吸附血清蛋白等生物大分子.有望成为血液灌流治疗法中清除尿素等小分子毒性物质的良好吸附剂.壳聚糖还可以作为包膜材料,制备壳聚糖包膜尿素,与普通的包膜尿素相比性能更为优越.

RECENT ADVANCES IN THE APPLICATIONS OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN CHITOSAN AND UREA

Urea can significantly undermine the molecular hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions of chitin and chitosan and raise the critical micelle concentration.It can also promote the solubility of polysaccharide molecules and reduce the self-aggregation behavior in solution.Alkali-urea solution can be used as a novel chitin/chitosan green solvent,which is expected to be used in some more demanding for stimulating fields such as food,biomedical,etc.Chitosan derivatives,particularly the complexes of chitosan with transition metal ions,have a good adsorption function of urea.It can specifically adsorb small molecular toxins in uremic patient’s blood,and have no affinity to serum proteins and other biological macromolecules,with relatively small stimulation to the body.It promises to be a good adsorbent for cleaning small molecules toxic substances such as urea in hemoperfusion therapy.Furthermore,chitosan can be used to preparation chitosan coated urea as coating materials,compared to the ordinary coated urea the characteristic is more superior.