Exotic hyperfullerenes produced by irradiation of 20 MeV protons |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090 Konya, Turkey;2. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090 Konya, Turkey;3. Department of Chemistry, A.K. Education Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42090, Turkey;1. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China;2. Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;1. Deakin University, Geelong, Institute for Frontier Materials, Waurn Ponds, 3216, Victoria, Australia;2. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanoscale Science and Engineering Laboratory (NSEL), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia;3. ARC Research Hub for Graphene Enabled Industry Transformation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia;1. University of Cambridge, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, 27 Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK;2. University of Limerick, Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Carbolea Research Group, Limerick, Ireland;3. University of Limerick, Department of Physics and Energy, Limerick, Ireland;4. Institute of Power Engineering, ul Mory 8, 02-981 Warsaw, Poland;1. Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran;2. Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Turkey;3. Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam;4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran;5. International Center for Materials Nanoarchitechtonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images demonstrate that two graphitic nanoparticles, a nanoparticle and a nanotube, as well as two nanotube pairs can join together under specific angles in bump-like, neck-like and L patterns with saddle surfaces at the junction. A negatively curved surface containing eight-member rings has first been observed in the L type structure. It is suggested that the large energy transfer of the proton-carbon collision plays an important role in forming such structures. |
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