Three-component self-assembly of a series of triply interlocked Pd12 coordination prisms and their non-interlocked Pd6 analogues

Template-assisted formation of multicomponent Pd(6) coordination prisms and formation of their self-templated triply interlocked Pd(12) analogues in the absence of an external template have been established in a single step through Pd-N/Pd-O coordination. Treatment of cis-[Pd(en)(NO(3))(2)] with K(3) tma and linear pillar 4,4'-bpy (en=ethylenediamine, H(3) tma=benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, 4,4'-bpy=4,4'-bipyridine) gave intercalated coordination cage [{Pd(en)}(6)(bpy)(3)(tma)(2)](2)[NO(3)](12) (1) exclusively, whereas the same reaction in the presence of H(3) tma as an aromatic guest gave a H(3) tma-encapsulating non-interlocked discrete Pd(6) molecular prism [{Pd(en)}(6)(bpy)(3)(tma)(2)(H(3)tma)(2)][NO(3)](6) (2). Though the same reaction using cis-[Pd(NO(3))(2)(pn)] (pn=propane-1,2-diamine) instead of cis-[Pd(en)(NO(3))(2)] gave triply interlocked coordination cage [{Pd(pn)}(6)(bpy)(3)(tma)(2)](2)[NO(3)](12) (3) along with non-interlocked Pd(6) analogue [{Pd(pn)}(6)(bpy)(3) (tma)(2)](NO(3))(6) (3'), and the presence of H(3) tma as a guest gave H(3) tma-encapsulating molecular prism [{Pd(pn)}(6)(bpy)(3)(tma)(2)(H(3) tma)(2)][NO(3)](6) (4) exclusively. In solution, the amount of 3' decreases as the temperature is decreased, and in the solid state 3 is the sole product. Notably, an analogous reaction using the relatively short pillar pz (pz=pyrazine) instead of 4,4'-bpy gave triply interlocked coordination cage [{Pd(pn)}(6) (pz)(3)(tma)(2)](2)[NO(3)](12) (5) as the single product. Interestingly, the same reaction using slightly more bulky cis-[Pd(NO(3))(2)(tmen)] (tmen=N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylene diamine) instead of cis-[Pd(NO(3))(2)(pn)] gave non-interlocked [{Pd(tmen)}(6)(pz)(3)(tma)(2)][NO(3)](6) (6) exclusively. Complexes 1, 3, and 5 represent the first examples of template-free triply interlocked molecular prisms obtained through multicomponent self-assembly. Formation of the complexes was supported by IR and multinuclear NMR ((1)H and (13)C) spectroscopy. Formation of guest-encapsulating complexes (2 and 4) was confirmed by 2D DOSY and ROESY NMR spectroscopic analyses, whereas for complexes 1, 3, 5, and 6 single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques unambiguously confirmed their formation. The gross geometries of H(3) tma-encapsulating complexes 2 and 4 were obtained by universal force field (UFF) simulations.