Simultaneous Raman/LIF measurements of major species and NO in turbulent H2/air diffusion flames

A single-pulse spontaneous Raman scattering apparatus, based on a flashlamp-pumped dye laser, was used to determine the concentrations of the major species and the temperature in turbulent H₂/N₂/air jet diffusion flames. The concentrations of nitric oxide were simultaneously measured by Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) after excitation of theA ^{2 +}–X ² transition with a Nd: YAG-pumped dye laser. Some fundamentals of the employed methods, including the calibration procedure, quenching corrections, and accuracy are discussed. Besides a detailed study of the experimental technique, a main goal of the presented investigations was the generation of comprehensive data sets of high accuracy from well-defined turbulent flames which allow for a quantitative comparison with model calculations. Two flames with different fuel dilution and Reynolds numbers were investigated in a pattern of typically 100 measuring locations each comprising 300 single shots. In addition, four flames with different flow velocities but same fuel composition were compared with respect to their temperature and NO concentration profiles. The results show that differential diffusion plays an important role in these flames, especially near the flame base, where the temperature is increased above the adiabatic flame temperature and deviations from adiabatic equilibrium are large. The correlations between NO and mixture fraction and NO and temperature reveal characteristic features of the different flames.