Cyclodextrin-enhanced in situ bioremediation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons-contaminated soils and plant uptake |
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Authors: | L Bardi C Martini F Opsi E Bertolone S Belviso G Masoero M Marzona F Ajmone Marsan |
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Institution: | (1) C.R.A. Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Via Pianezza 115, 10151 Turin, Italy;(2) DIVAPRA, Università di Torino, V. Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy;(3) Dip. Chimica Generale ed Organica Applicata, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy |
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Abstract: | In situ bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) polluted soils can be improved by the augmentation of degrading
microbial populations and by the increase of hydrocarbon bioavailability. β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) significantly accelerate the
induction of hydrocarbon biodegradation, but it is not still clear its effectiveness during final, slower stages of degradation.
Moreover, it is yet not known if the PAH uptake from plants is influenced by the presence of CD. A field study was carried
out by creating two plots (A and B). Diesel fuel was spread on the surface, and on plot B a commercial microbial consortium
and β-CD were spread. Soybean was seeded in both plots. Soil samples were withdrawn every 10 cm layers from 0 to 60 cm depth,
before fuel spreading, immediately after seeding and after soya harvesting. Chemical and microbial analyses were carried out
throughout the process to characterize the soil and to determine residual PAHs. Soybean seeds were analyzed for PAH content.
It was observed that β-CD induced a significant increase of PAH degradation rate. The microbial inoculum did not improve the
degradation; biodegradation activity was strong in superficial layers, and some PAH leaching was observed, that was reduced
by CD. The analysis of PAH in soyabeans revealed that an uptake of hydrocarbons occurred, and that it was more significant
in plot B. This suggests that the β-CD-enhanced bioremediation process can further be improved by phytoremediation, that could
also allow to simultaneously reach an additional profit from a non-food yield for biofuel production. |
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Keywords: | β -Cyclodextrin Bioavailability Bioremediation Phytoextraction Phytostimulation Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Soil |
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