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Mechanochemical and Size Reduction Machines for Biorefining
Authors:Igor Lomovskiy  Aleksey Bychkov  Oleg Lomovsky  Tatiana Skripkina
Affiliation:Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS, Kutateladze Str. 18, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.L.); (A.B.); (O.L.)
Abstract:In recent years, we have witnessed an increasing interest in the application of mechanochemical methods for processing materials in biomass refining techniques. Grinding and mechanical pretreatment are very popular methods utilized to enhance the reactivity of polymers and plant raw materials; however, the choice of devices and their modes of action is often performed through trial and error. An inadequate choice of equipment often results in inefficient grinding, low reactivity of the product, excess energy expenditure, and significant wear of the equipment. In the present review, modern equipment employing various types of mechanical impacts, which show the highest promise for mechanochemical pretreatment of plant raw materials, is examined and compared—disc mills, attritors and bead mills, ball mills, planetary mills, vibration and vibrocentrifugal mills, roller and centrifugal roller mills, extruders, hammer mills, knife mills, pin mills, disintegrators, and jet mills. The properly chosen type of mechanochemical activation (and equipment) allows an energetically and economically sound enhancement of the reactivity of solid-phase polymers by increasing the effective surface area accessible to reagents, reducing the amount of crystalline regions and the diffusion coefficient, disordering the supramolecular structure of the material, and mechanochemically reacting with the target substances.
Keywords:mechanochemistry   energy consumption   biorefining   plant raw materials   mechanical pretreatment   scaling
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