Thermal and x-ray studies of binary rare earth sesquioxides — Alkali metal persulfate systems |
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Authors: | F. Jasim K. R. Idan |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq |
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Abstract: | Three binary systems, each consisting of mixtures of different molar ratios of a rare earth (4f metal) sesquioxide and sodium or potassium persulfate (peroxodisulfate) have been investigated under static (air) atmospheres using a derivatograph. For each system (R2O3 - M2S2O8, whereR is Sm, Gd, or Dy, andM is K or Na), the molar ratios that represent stoichiometric reactions were fixed. Calculations were based on data obtained from T, TG, DTG and DTA curves. Intermediate and final products were mainly identified by X-ray diffractometry. Double salts of Sm, Gd, and Dy were thermally prepared by solid-state reactions. It was found that one such double salt KDy(SO4)2, forms a eutectic mixture with K2SO4 and also that both Gd and Dy sesquioxides behave asp-type semiconductors and therefore exhibit catalytic activities towards the thermal decomposition of persulfates and pyrosulfates. Optimal catalysis was obtained with molar ratios of 1 3. The activities increased as the ionic radii of these metals decrease: Sm, Gd, Dy.
Zusammenfassung Drei binäre Systeme, jeweils aus Gemischen verschiedener Molverhältnisse der Sesquioxide der seltenen Erden mit Natrium- oder Kaliumpersulfat (Peroxodisulfat) bestehend, werden in statischer Luft-Atmosphäre unter Einsatz des Derivatographen untersucht. Für jedes System (R2O3 M2S2O8, mitR = Sm, Gd oder Dy undM = K oder Na) sind die Molverhältnisse, welche stöchiometrischen Reaktionen entsprechen, festgelegt. Die Berechnungen beruhen auf aus T-, TG-, DTG- und DTA-Kurven erhaltenen Angaben. Die Zwischen- und Endprodukte werden hauptsächlich durch Röntgendiffraktometrie identifiziert. Doppelsalze von Sm, Gd und Dy werden thermisch durch Festphasenreaktionen gebildet. Es wurde gefunden, dass eines dieser Doppelsalze, KDy(SO4)2, mit K2SO4 ein eutektisches Gemisch bildet. Weiterhin zeigte sich, dass sowohl Gd- als auch Dy-Sesquioxide sich wie Halbleiter vom p-Typs verhalten und dadurch gegenüber der thermischen Zersetzung von Persulfaten und Pyrosulfaten katalytische Aktivitäten aufweisen. Die optimale Katalyse wird mit Molverhältnissen von (1 3) erzielt. Die Aktivitäten steigen mit abnehmenden Ionenradien der Metalle: Sm, Gd und Dy.
Résumé Trois systèmes binaires consistant chacun en des mélanges en proportions molaires différentes de sesquioxydes de métaux de terres rares 4f et de persulfate (peroxodisulfate) de sodium et de potassium ont été étudiés en atmosphère statique (air) avec un Derivatograph. Les proportions molaires correspondant aux réactions stoechiométriques ont été fixées pour chaque système (R2O3 M2S2O8 oùR=Sm, Gd ou Dy etM=K ou Na). Les calculs reposent sur des données obtenues à partir des courbes T, TG, TGD et ATD. L'identification des produits intermédiaires et finaux a été effectuée principalement par diffractométrie des rayons X. Les sels doubles de Sm, Gd et Dy sont préparés par voie thermique, par réactions en phase solide. On a trouvé que l'un de ces sels doubles, (KDy/SO4)2 forme un mélange eutectique avec K2SO4. On a trouvé de même que les deux sesquioxides de Gd et de Dy ont un comportement de semiconducteurs du typep et qu'ils montrent une activité catalytique sur la décomposition thermique des persulfates et pyrosulfates. La catalyse optimale est obtenue avec les proportions molaires de (1/3). L'activité augmente quand les rayons ioniques des métaux diminuent: Sm, Gd, Dy.
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![chcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ncy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1099.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) -, ![Tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1058.gif) -, ![Dcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1044.gif) ![Tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1058.gif) - ![Dcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1044.gif) ![Tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1058.gif) -![kcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1082.gif) ![rcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1088.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) ![vcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ycy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1099.gif) . ![Pcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1055.gif) ![rcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![mcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![zhcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1078.gif) ![ucy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1091.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![chcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1095.gif) ![ncy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1099.gif) ![kcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ncy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1085.gif) ![chcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1095.gif) ![ncy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1099.gif) ![pcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1087.gif) ![rcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![dcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ucy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1091.gif) ![kcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1082.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![rcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1088.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![acy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1072.gif) ![kcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1082.gif) ![tscy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1094.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) ![dcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1076.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1085.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) ![fcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1092.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) ![tscy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1094.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1074.gif) ![acy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ncy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ncy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![pcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1087.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![shchcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1097.gif) ![softcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1100.gif) ![rcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1088.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1085.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![gcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1075.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1074.gif) ![scy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![dcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1076.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) ![fcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1092.gif) ![fcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1092.gif) ![acy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1072.gif) ![kcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1082.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![mcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![rcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1088.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) . ![Dcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1044.gif) ![vcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![jcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1081.gif) ![ncy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1099.gif) ![scy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![lcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1083.gif) Sm, Gd Dy ![bcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1073.gif) ![ycy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1099.gif) ![lcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![lcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ucy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1091.gif) ![chcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1085.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1088.gif) ![mcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1084.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) ![chcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1082.gif) ![pcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1087.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1089.gif) ![rcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1088.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![dcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1076.gif) ![scy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![vcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![vcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1074.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1088.gif) ![dcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![lcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1083.gif) ![softcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1100.gif) ![ncy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1099.gif) ![rcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1088.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![acy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1072.gif) ![kcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1082.gif) ![tscy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1094.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) . ![Ncy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1053.gif) ![acy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1072.gif) ![jcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1081.gif) ![dcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1076.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1085.gif) , ![chcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1095.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![dcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ncy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![kcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1082.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![lcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1083.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) - KDy(SO4)2 ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![bcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1073.gif) ![rcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1072.gif) ![zcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1079.gif) ![ucy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1091.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1101.gif) ![vcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1074.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![kcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1082.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) ![chcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ucy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1091.gif) ![scy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1089.gif) ![mcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1089.gif) K2SO4. ![Tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1058.gif) ![acy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1072.gif) ![kcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1082.gif) ![zhcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1078.gif) ![ucy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1091.gif) ![scy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1074.gif) ![lcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1083.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1085.gif) , ![chcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1095.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![pcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1087.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![lcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ucy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1091.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ncy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1099.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![kcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1082.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1089.gif) Gd Dy ![yacy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1103.gif) ![vcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1074.gif) ![lcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1083.gif) ![yacy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1103.gif) ![yucy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1102.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![scy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1089.gif) ![pcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1087.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![lcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ucy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1091.gif) ![pcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1087.gif) ![rcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ncy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) ![kcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1082.gif) ![acy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1072.gif) ![mcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1084.gif) p-![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) ![pcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1087.gif) ![pcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1087.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1101.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![mcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1084.gif) ![pcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1087.gif) ![rcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![yacy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1103.gif) ![lcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1083.gif) ![yacy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1103.gif) ![yucy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1102.gif) ![kcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1082.gif) ![acy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1072.gif) ![lcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1083.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) ![chcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ucy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1091.gif) ![acy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1072.gif) ![kcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1082.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) ![vcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ncy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![rcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1088.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![acy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1072.gif) ![kcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1082.gif) ![tscy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1094.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) ![yacy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1103.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1088.gif) ![mcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1084.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) ![chcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![gcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1075.gif) ![rcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1072.gif) ![zcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1079.gif) ![lcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![zhcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1078.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) ![pcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1087.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1088.gif) ![scy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ucy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1091.gif) ![lcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1083.gif) ![softcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1100.gif) ![fcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1092.gif) ![acy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![pcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1087.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) ![rcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ucy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1091.gif) ![lcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1083.gif) ![softcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1100.gif) ![fcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1092.gif) ![acy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) . ![Ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1054.gif) ![pcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1087.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) ![mcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1084.gif) ![acy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1072.gif) ![lcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1083.gif) ![softcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1100.gif) ![ncy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1085.gif) ![scy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1072.gif) ![kcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1082.gif) ![acy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1072.gif) ![lcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1083.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) ![zcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1079.gif) ![acy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![pcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1087.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![lcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ucy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1091.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![pcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1087.gif) ![rcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1088.gif) 1 3 ![mcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![lcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1083.gif) ![yacy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1103.gif) ![rcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ncy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ncy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![shcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1096.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) . ![Kcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1050.gif) ![acy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1072.gif) ![lcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1083.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) ![chcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1082.gif) ![acy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1072.gif) ![acy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) ![vcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ncy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ucy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1091.gif) ![vcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1074.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![lcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1083.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) ![chcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1095.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) ![vcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1074.gif) ![acy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1072.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![scy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ucy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1091.gif) ![mcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![softcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1100.gif) ![shcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1096.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ncy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ncy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1099.gif) ![rcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1072.gif) ![dcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1076.gif) ![icy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ucy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1091.gif) ![scy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1101.gif) ![lcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1083.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![iecy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1085.gif) ![tcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1088.gif) ![yacy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1103.gif) ![dcy](/content/v0617121624v568p/xxlarge1076.gif) : Sm, Gd, Dy.
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