Experimental scheme of quantum cryptography on the nonorthogonal states with time shift and a minimum number of optical components

A new scheme of experimental quantum cryptography on the nonorthogonal states is described. Nonorthogonality is achieved by the time shift of states in different messages. For this scheme to be efficient, it is sufficient to balance the arms of an interferometer at the receiver and transmitter ends to an accuracy of 1–2 cm. This is a fundamental advantage of this scheme over, e.g., the most developed cryptosystem based on phase coding, where the maximum transmission distance has been achieved. In the latter system, the arms of the interferometer need to be balanced with an accuracy of fractions of a micron for a distance of several tens of kilometers.