导热与弹性系统及导电的相似性

本文将导热系统与弹性力学系统以及带电系统类比,发现这三种不同类型的系统在输运方面具有一致的行为特征,有相同的数学表达方式。都是在强度量的作用下,广延量的输运过程。强度量在被传递的广延量上的累积效果由广义功反映,广义功就是传递过程中的传递能力,传递能力在过程中有损耗。定义了导热过程中的热力功,它等于传热温度与传递的热量的乘积,反映了温度在传热量上的累积效果。热力功是传递中的热量传递势容,总热力功等于系统热量传递势容的改变量,热量传递势容表示物体的导热能力。

TRANSFER SIMILARITY AMONG HEAT CONDUCTION, ELASTIC MOTION AND ELECTRIC CONDUCTION

Heat conduction bears many analogies with elastic motion and electric conduction in the transfer behaviors, which have both similar physical meanings and the same mathematical expressions. The transfer similarities are in several aspects, and any process is the transportation of extensive property pushed by intensive property; the products of intensive property and the transferring extensive property are called generalized work; generalized work is the transferring transport ability, which could be partially dissipated in transfer process. In this paper, thermal work in heat conduction was defined, which is the product of temperature and the transferred heat. Thermal work is the transferring heat transport potential capacity, and it is equal to the change in heat transport potential capacity in a process. Heat transport potential capacity is the conduction ability of a system.