用于激光等离子体测量的X光量热计

 由于X光量热计具有体型吸收、线性响应及抗电磁干扰能力强等优点，可用于对激光等离子体辐射的X光总量测量。介绍了X光量热计的原理和结构，量热计主要由吸收体、热电堆、恒温体和外壳4个部分组成；量热计吸收体接收X光能量后，在瞬时内温度迅速上升，同时又通过热传导或辐射而损失能量。电加热法作为X光量热计的传统标定方法，标定结果不可靠。为此采用经过绝对标定的XRD阵列谱仪（SXS）对X光量热计在神光-Ⅱ装置上进行了在线绝对标定。结果表明：X光量热计性能稳定，其灵敏度为(84.1±3.4) μV/mJ，X光能量测量的相对合成标准不确定度约为31%，可用于X光定量测量。

X-ray calorimeters used for measurement in laser-fusion experiments

X-ray calorimeters are ready to measure the total soft X-ray energy emitted from the plasma produced by laser because of their bodily absorption, linear response, insensitivity to the electromagnetic disturbance, and so on. The calorimeters mainly include absorbers, thermocouples, bases and shrouds. When X-rays are deposited in the absorders, photon energy absorbed is quickly converted into intrinsic energy which simultaneously dissipates by thermal conduction and radiation. The X-ray calorimeters were absolutely on-line calibrated in Shenguang-Ⅱ laser facility with the X-ray diode array spectrometer which has been absolutely calibrated on Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility. 20 shots' experimental results show that the X-ray calorimeters are stable, the sensitivity of calorimeter is (84.1±3.4) μV/mJ and the related combined standard uncertainty in the X-ray energy measure is about 31%. The calorimeters can be applied to measure the X-ray energy.