基于散射光谱的空间碎片分类研究

采用地基光谱探测技术，观测到了最低亮度为4.2星等的空间碎片其分辨率为0.5 nm的高精度散射光谱。并对卫星残骸和火箭残骸的光谱数据进行了归一化处理和离散率分析，得到了不同类别目标的明显区别。火箭残骸的多帧散射光谱归一化后线型一致，而对于卫星的多帧散射光谱归一化后线型不一致，对归一化的空间碎片的每一帧光谱求离散率，得到的结果为火箭残骸的离散率低，都在0.978%～3.067%之间，且波动差值及平均值较小;而卫星的每帧归一化散射光谱的离散率高，在3.1184%～19.4727%之间。且波动差值及平均值较大。原因是火箭残骸的结构简单，组成材料较单一，卫星的结构复杂，组成材料较多。因此散射光谱分析可以应用于空间碎片分类的研究。

Research of Identify Spatial Object Using Spectrum Analysis Technique

The high precision scattering spectrum of spatial fragment with the minimum brightness of 4.2 and the resolution of 0.5 nm has been observed using spectrum detection technology on the ground. The obvious differences for different types of objects are obtained by the normalizing and discrete rate analysis of the spectral data. Each of normalized multi-frame scattering spectral line shape for rocket debris is identical. However, that is different for lapsed satellites. The discrete rate of the single frame spectrum of normalized space debris for rocket debris ranges from 0.978% to 3.067%, and the difference of oscillation and average value is small. The discrete rate for lapsed satellites ranges from 3.118 4% to 19.472 7%, and the difference of oscillation and average value relatively large. The reason is that the composition of rocket debris is single, while that of the lapsed satellites is complex. Therefore, the spectrum detection technology on the ground can be used to the classification of the spatial fragment.