Modification and characterization of montmorillonite fillers used in composites with vulcanized natural rubber |
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Authors: | Jana Hrachová Ivan Chodák Peter Komadel |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 36 Bratislava, Slovakia;(2) Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 842 36 Bratislava, Slovakia |
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Abstract: | Parent Ca-montmorillonite (Jelšovy Potok, Slovakia, Ca-JP) and Na-montmorillonite Kunipia-F (Japan, Na-KU) were ion-exchanged
with octadecyltrimethylammonium (ODTMA) cations. Characteristics of the samples were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy (IR) and thermogravimetry (TG). Surface areas were measured by sorption of N2 and ethyleneglycol monoethyl ether. Scanning electron microscopy photographs (SEM) were used to characterize the texture
of samples. The XRD patterns show that, upon intercalation, the basal spacing of montmorillonite is expanded and corresponds
to the pseudotrimolecular arrangement of organic cations in the interlayers. The IR spectra of organically modified montmorillonite
show C-H stretching and bending bands of both CH3 and CH2 groups in the 3000–2800 cm−1 and 1500–1400 cm−1 region, respectively. Modification of montmorillonite by organic cations decreased the hydrophilicity of their mineral surface
and adsorbed water evaporated at lower temperatures. The SEM photographs reveal a tendency towards lump formation and agglomeration
of the ODTMA-montmorillonite particles. The modification introducing organic moiety lead to a substantial decrease in the
surface area of both montmorillonites; however, it remained remarkably high, being at the level typical for silica. Completely
characterized fillers were used to prepare rubber compositions with enhanced physical properties, as described in Hrachová
et al. (2008). |
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Keywords: | montmorillonite organoclay ODTMA filler nanocomposite |
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