Residence-time distributions for chaotic flows in pipes

In this paper we derive two rigorous properties of residence-time distributions for flows in pipes and mixers motivated by computational results of Khakhar et al. [Chem. Eng. Sci. 42, 2909 (1987)], using some concepts from ergodic theory. First, a curious similarity between the isoresidence-time plots and Poincare maps of the flow observed in Khakhar et al. is resolved. It is shown that in long pipes and mixers, Poincare maps can serve as a useful guide in the analysis of isoresidence-time plots, but the two are not equivalent. In particular, for long devices isoresidence-time sets are composed of orbits of the Poincare map, but each isoresidence-time set can be comprised of many orbits. Second, we explain the origin of multimodal residence-time distributions for nondiffusive motion of particles in pipes and mixers. It is shown that chaotic regions in the Poincare map contribute peaks to the appropriately defined and rescaled axial distribution functions. (c) 1999 American Institute of Physics.