BOLD responses to trigeminal nerve stimulation |
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| Authors: | Nathalie Just Carl Petersen Rolf Gruetter |
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| Institution: | 1. Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Germany;2. Department of Radiology, Section on Experimental Radiology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany;1. Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;2. Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;3. Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;4. Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Switzerland;1. UCLA Depression Research & Clinic Program, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA;2. Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA;3. Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA;1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;2. Neural and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey PA 17033, USA;3. Center for Neural Engineering, The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA;1. Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, South Korea;2. Department of Global Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea;3. Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 06351, South Korea;4. Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, South Korea;5. Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, South Korea;6. Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan School of Medicine, Seoul 05535, South Korea |
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| Abstract: | The current study investigates a new model of barrel cortex activation using stimulation of the infraorbital branch of the trigeminal nerve. A robust and reproducible activation of the rat barrel cortex was obtained following trigeminal nerve stimulation. Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) effects were obtained in the primary somatosensory barrel cortex (S1BF), the secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) and the motor cortex. These cortical areas were reached from afferent pathways from the trigeminal ganglion, the trigeminal nuclei and thalamic nuclei from which neurons project their axons upon whisker stimulation. The maximum BOLD responses were obtained for a stimulus frequency of 1 Hz, a stimulus pulse width of 100 μs and for current intensities between 1.5 and 3 mA. The BOLD response was nonlinear as a function of frequency and current intensity. Additionally, modeling BOLD responses in the rat barrel cortex from separate cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) measurements showed good agreement with the shape and amplitude of measured BOLD responses as a function of stimulus frequency and will potentially allow to identify the sources of BOLD nonlinearities. Activation of the rat barrel cortex using trigeminal nerve stimulation will contribute to the interpretation of the BOLD signals from functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. |
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