可溶性高分子负载催化剂*

均相催化剂的负载化是解决催化剂分离与回收的一条有效途径，也是绿色化学研究的重要内容。可溶性高分子，尤其是树状大分子作为另一类催化剂载体近年来受到了越来越多的关注。通过选择合适的反应介质，可溶性高分子负载催化剂可以在均相条件下催化有机反应，反应结束后通过外加不良溶剂的固/液相分离、温度等调控的液/液相分离以及膜过滤等方法进行催化剂的分离与回收。本文概述了在可溶性高分子负载催化剂研究中取得的新进展，重点介绍了负载手性催化剂在不对称催化反应中的应用。

Soluble Polymer-Supported Homogeneous Catalysts

Immobilization of a homogeneous catalyst can in principle facilitate its separation and recycling, and therefore is of considerable interest to both academia and industry. Soluble polymers, in particular dendrimers as an alternative catalyst supports have received increasing attention in recent years. This strategy allows a catalytic reaction to be carried out under homogeneous conditions. At the end of reaction, the immobilized catalyst could be easily separated and recycled through solvent precipitation and temperature-induced phase separation, or using membrane reactor. This paper reviews the progress in soluble polymer-supported catalysts, mainly including linear polymeric catalysts and dendrimeric catalysts which can be attached into polymeric support via covalent or noncovalent interactions, focusing on polymer-supported chiral catalysts and their use in asymmetric catalytic reactions. Contents 
1 Introduction 
2 Types of soluble polymer-supported catalysts and methods for catalyst separation 
2.1 Main types of soluble polymer-supported catalysts 
2.2 Methods for catalyst separation 
3 Linear polymer-supported catalysts 
4 Dendrimer catalysts 
5 Noncovalent immobilization of catalysts with soluble supports 
6 Conclusion and outlook