具有非线性采购成本库存控制问题的研究现状与挑战

库存管理是基于运筹学而发展起来的一门学科，并成为近几十年来运筹学和管理科学重要的研究领域之一。在库存系统中，采购成本是必不可少的成本之一，主要包含产品成本、运输成本、装卸成本等。现实中，采购成本依赖于采购量，且往往是采购量的非线性函数。介绍了几类常见的采购成本函数：依赖于采购量的固定成本、增量折扣、全量折扣、车载容量折扣和凸采购成本等。基于周期盘点库存模型和连续盘点库存模型，综述了带有这些非线性采购成本函数的库存模型研究进展。虽然经过了几十年的研究，但很多带有非线性采购成本的库存模型的最优采购策略因为其复杂性至今未能被完整刻画。通过综述来简单讨论该类问题的挑战和机会。

Research status and challenges of inventory control problems with nonlinear ordering cost

Inventory management is one subject based on Operations Research, and has been one of the most popular topics in the area of Operations Research and Management Science in the last few decades. Ordering cost is one class of essential costs in inventory systems, and it includes product cost, shipping cost, loading/unloading cost, etc. The ordering cost is often a nonlinear function of order quantity. This paper will introduce several well-known nonlinear ordering cost functions, such as quantitydependent fixed/setup cost, incremental quantity discount, all-unit quantity discount, truckload discount, convex ordering cost, etc. We review the literature of inventory models with nonlinear ordering cost based on periodic-review and continuous-review models, respectively. Although the inventory models with nonlinear ordering cost functions have been studied in recent decades, the optimal policies of many models haven't been fully characterized due to their complexity. This paper tries to discuss the challenges and chances in this topic, by reviewing related works.