纳米Ni催化剂在超稠油水热裂解降黏中的应用研究

采用甲基环己烷水正辛醇AEO9形成的微乳液体系制备纳米金属Ni催化剂，并利用该催化剂催化辽河超稠油的水热裂解反应。研究结果表明， 280℃时纳米金属Ni能够促进超稠油的水热裂解反应。与原超稠油相比，反应后样品的硫质量分数由0.45%降到0.23%，胶质、沥青质质量分数分别降低了15.83%、15.33%；GC-MS分析结果表明，甲基环己烷在改质过程中能够脱氢生成甲苯；C、H元素分析结果表明，反应后样品中胶质、沥青质的H/C原子比增加，说明从甲基环己烷上脱下的氢能够转移到超稠油中。表面活性剂AEO9、水和油，在改质结束后的降温过程中，形成了稳定的油包水型乳液，起到乳化降黏作用；而添加的甲基环己烷、正辛醇均能起到稀释降黏作用；在上述降黏作用的协同影响下，反应后样品50℃时的黏度由原来的139800mPa·s降至2400mPa·s，由此表明，纳米Ni催化剂对辽河超稠油水热裂解降黏的催化效果显著。

Application of nano-nickel catalyst in the viscosity reduction of Liaohe extra-heavy oil by aqua-thermolysis

Nano nickel catalyst was prepared in methylcyclohexane water noctanol AEO9 micro emulsion system, and used in the viscosity reduction process of Liaohe extra heavy oil by aqua thermolysis. It is observed that the nano nickel could catalyze the aqua thermolysis reaction of extra heavy oil at 280℃. The experimental results demonstrate that compared with the original crude oil sample, the mean molecular weight of the upgraded sample decreases, the content of sulfur changes from 0.45% to 0.23%, the content of resin and asphaltene reduces 15.83% and 15.33%, respectively. Based on the GC-MS analysis results, a reaction pathway is proposed that involves hydrogen transfer from methylcyclohexane to the extra heavy crude oil resulting in the formation of toluene. During the cooling process after upgrading reaction, the W/O emulsion is formed because of the presence of the surfactant AEO9. As a result, with respect to the original crude oil, the viscosity of upgraded sample is changed from 139800mPa·s to 2400mPa·s at 50℃, an approximately 98.90% reduction by the synergetic effects of upgrading, emulsification and diluting.