Determination of the surface free energy of modified carbon fibers and its relation to the work of adhesion |
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Authors: | K Tsutsumi S Ishida K Shibata |
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Institution: | (1) Present address: Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Japan;(2) Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan |
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Abstract: | Surface free energy of various carbon fibers was determined by tensiometric method in three different procedures. The dispersive
s
d
and the nondispersive
s
p
components were separately determined by contact angle measurements in two-phase system, formamide-n-alkanes. The
s
p
increased by oxidation and decreased by hydrogen reduction, while the
s
d
remained almost constant.The
s
p
value determined from contact angle of water/ethyleneglycol solution tended to become higher. The critical surface free energy was in harmony with the total free energy determined from formamide-n-alkanes system as long as liquids were properly selected. The formation of oxygen-containing functional groups was evidenced by ESCA, and the surface O]/C] ratio was related linearly to the surface polarity defined by
s
p
s
d
+
s
p
] Oxidation in liquid phase resulted in the formation of both hydroxyls and carboxyls, while only hydroxyls were formed in gas phase. The interfacial shear strength of the fiber-epoxy resin could be closely correlated with thermodynamical work of adhesion calculated on the basis of surface free energy and its component. |
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Keywords: | Surfacefreeenergy modifiedcarbonfibers tensiometry work ofadhesion ESCA |
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