Thermal decomposition studies on double-base propellant compositions |
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Authors: | N Sadasivan A Bhaumik |
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Institution: | (1) Inspectorate of Military Explosives, Bhandara, Nagpur, India;(2) Present address: Explosives Research & Development Laboratory, Armament Post, 411021 Poona, India |
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Abstract: | Thermal reactivity studies were carried out in the temperature range 100–160 on two double-base propellant compositions which differ significantly in chemical composition, calorimetric value and ballistic characteristics. The course of decomposition was followed by two methods: (i) determining the rate of NO evolved with the Bergman and Junk method; (ii) estimating the volume of gases evolved in a vacuum stability test method. The activation energy values computed using the Arrhenius equation and the Jacobs-Kureishy method were comparable and in the range 134–170 kJ mol–1. In the temperature range 100–140 , nitroglycerine volatilization was significant during the early stages of heating. Above 180 , the rate of decomposition was very fast, leading to ignition of the propellant, followed by slow oxidation of the carbonaceous residues. The thermoanalytical data indicated a twostep decomposition process for propellant I, and a single-step process for propellant II.
Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen der thermischen ReaktivitÄt von zwei Treibstoffkompositionen, die sich in ihrer chemischen Zusammensetzung, in ihren kalorimetrischen Werten und in der ballistischen Charakteristik signifikant unterscheiden, wurden im Temperaturbereich von 100–160 C ausgeführt. Der Zersetzungsverlauf wurde nach zwei Methoden verfolgt: (i) durch Bestimmung der Bildungsgeschwindigkeit von nach der Methode von Bergman und Junk in Freheit gesetztem NO; (ii) durch Bestimmung des entwickelten Gases nach der VakuumstabilitÄtstestmethode. Die gemÄ\ der Arrhenius-Gleichung und nach der Jacobs-Kureishy-Methode bestimmten Werte für die Aktivierungsenergie sind vergleichbar und liegen im Bereich von 134–170 kJ mol–1. Im Temperaturbereich von 100–140 C tritt wÄhrend des frühen Stadiums der Erhitzung eine signifikante Verflüchtigung von Nitroglycerin ein. Oberhalb 180 C verlÄuft die Zersetzung des Treibstoffs sehr schnell unter Verbrennung, woran sich eine langsame Oxydation des kohlenstoffreichen Rückstandes anschlie\t. Thermoanalytische Daten weisen darauf hin, da\ der Treibstoff I in zwei Schritten, der Treibstoff II jedoch in nur einem Schritt zersetzt wird.
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![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Ucy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1059.gif) ![scy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Icy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Icy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Vcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![scy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1090.gif) . ![IOcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1025.gif) ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) ![IEcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Rcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1056.gif) ![gcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1075.gif) ![Icy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Acy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1040.gif) ![kcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1082.gif) ![tcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Icy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Vcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Acy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1040.gif) ![tscy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1094.gif) ![Icy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1048.gif) , ![Vcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1042.gif) ![CHcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1063.gif) ![Icy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1048.gif) ![scy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1089.gif) ![lcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1083.gif) ![IEcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) ![ycy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1099.gif) ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![scy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1089.gif) ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Vcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Ucy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1059.gif) ![Rcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Acy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Vcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) ![IEcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Icy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Rcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Rcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1056.gif) ![IEcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Icy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Ucy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1059.gif) ![scy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1089.gif) ![pcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1087.gif) ![Mcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1052.gif) ![IEcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1045.gif) ![tcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Dcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1044.gif) ![Dcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1044.gif) ![zhcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1078.gif) ![IEcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1045.gif) ![kcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Bcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1041.gif) ![scy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1089.gif) —![kcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Acy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Rcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1056.gif) ![IOcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1025.gif) ![Icy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1048.gif) ![shcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1096.gif) , ![Bcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1041.gif) ![lcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1083.gif) ![Acy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Acy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1040.gif) ![lcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1083.gif) ![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![gcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1075.gif) ![Icy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1048.gif) ![CHcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1063.gif) ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Acy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1040.gif) ![khcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1093.gif) ![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Dcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1044.gif) ![Icy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1048.gif) ![lcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1083.gif) ![Icy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1048.gif) ![scy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1089.gif) ![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Bcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1041.gif) ![lcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1083.gif) ![Acy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1040.gif) ![scy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1090.gif) ![zhcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1078.gif) ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Acy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1040.gif) ![CHcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1063.gif) ![IEcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Icy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1048.gif) 134–170 ![kcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Dcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1044.gif) · ![Mcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1052.gif) ![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![lcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1083.gif) –1. ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Rcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Acy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Icy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1048.gif) ![scy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Acy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Dcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1044.gif) ![Icy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1048.gif) ![softcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1100.gif) ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Acy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1040.gif) ![gcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1075.gif) ![Rcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Vcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Bcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1041.gif) ![lcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1083.gif) ![Acy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1040.gif) ![scy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1090.gif) ![tcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1090.gif) ![IEcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Mcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1052.gif) ![pcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1087.gif) ![IEcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Rcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Acy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1040.gif) ![tcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Ucy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1059.gif) 100– 140 ![pcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1087.gif) ![Rcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Icy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1048.gif) ![scy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1089.gif) ![khcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1093.gif) ![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Dcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1044.gif) ![Icy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1048.gif) ![lcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1083.gif) ![zhcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1078.gif) ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Acy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1040.gif) ![CHcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1063.gif) ![Icy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1048.gif) ![IEcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1045.gif) ![lcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1083.gif) ![softcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1100.gif) ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Vcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1042.gif) ![ycy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1099.gif) ![Dcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1044.gif) ![IEcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1045.gif) ![lcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1083.gif) ![IEcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Icy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Icy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1048.gif) ![tcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Rcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![gcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1075.gif) ![lcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1083.gif) ![Icy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1048.gif) ![IEcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Rcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Icy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) . ![Vcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1042.gif) ![ycy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1099.gif) ![shcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1096.gif) 180 ![scy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Rcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![scy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Rcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Acy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1040.gif) ![zhcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1078.gif) ![lcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1083.gif) ![zhcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1078.gif) ![IEcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Icy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1048.gif) ![pcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1087.gif) ![Rcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![tcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1090.gif) ![IEcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1045.gif) ![kcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Acy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1040.gif) ![lcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1083.gif) ![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![CHcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1063.gif) ![IEcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Bcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1041.gif) ![ycy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1099.gif) ![scy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Rcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1056.gif) , ![CHcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1063.gif) ![tcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1090.gif) ![pcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1087.gif) ![Rcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Icy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Vcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Dcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1044.gif) ![Icy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1048.gif) ![lcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1083.gif) ![Vcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![scy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1089.gif) ![pcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1087.gif) ![Acy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Mcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1052.gif) ![IEcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) ![IEcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Icy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Rcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Acy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1040.gif) ![kcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1082.gif) ![IEcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1045.gif) ![tcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![gcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1075.gif) ![tcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![pcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1087.gif) ![lcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1083.gif) ![Icy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Vcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![scy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1089.gif) ![lcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1083.gif) ![IEcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Dcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1044.gif) ![Ucy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1059.gif) ![Ucy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1059.gif) ![SHCHcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1065.gif) ![Icy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1048.gif) ![zhcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1078.gif) ![Acy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1040.gif) ![tcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1090.gif) ![IEcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1045.gif) ![pcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1087.gif) ![Rcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1056.gif) ![tscy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1094.gif) ![IEcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1045.gif) ![scy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1089.gif) ![scy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1089.gif) ![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Mcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1052.gif) ![IEcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Dcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1044.gif) ![lcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1083.gif) ![IEcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![gcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1075.gif) ![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![kcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Icy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1048.gif) ![scy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1089.gif) ![lcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1083.gif) ![IEcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Bcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1041.gif) ![Ucy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1059.gif) ![gcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1075.gif) ![lcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1083.gif) ![IEcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) ![ycy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1099.gif) ![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![scy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Acy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1040.gif) ![tcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1090.gif) ![kcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1082.gif) 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![Icy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Vcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1042.gif) I ![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Dcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1044.gif) ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) ![scy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Acy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Dcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1044.gif) ![Icy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1048.gif) — ![Dcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1044.gif) ![lcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1083.gif) ![Rcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Acy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1040.gif) ![kcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1082.gif) ![IEcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1045.gif) ![tcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Ncy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![gcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1075.gif) ![tcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Ocy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1054.gif) ![pcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1087.gif) ![lcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1083.gif) ![Vcy](/content/f265423004168434/xxlarge1042.gif) II.
The authors wish to thank Dr. Surjit Singh, Controller CI(ME) (now retired), for granting permission to publish this work, and Dr. K. R. K. Rao, Director, ERDL, for extending laboratory facilities for thermoanalytical and IR measurements. Thanks are also due to Dr. L. Prasad and Shri R. K. Devangan of IME, Bhandara, for their participation in the experimental work. |
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