生物磁铁矿的磁各向异性与磁接收器

磁铁矿是分布广泛且非常重要的亚铁磁材料，也广泛分布在生物体中。生物体中的磁铁矿具有完美的晶体结构，大多为超顺磁颗粒或单畴颗粒，且大多呈链状分布，具有明显的磁各向异性。生物体中存在“磁接收器”，生物磁铁矿是“磁接收器”的生物物理基础。本文中,从超顺磁磁铁矿颗粒和单畴磁铁矿颗粒的物理特性出发,主要是从它们的磁各向异性特性的基础上描述了生物磁铁矿和“磁接收器”的工作机制, 即在某些条件下，在外界地磁场强度量级的磁场作用下，超顺磁颗粒或单畴颗粒可以诱导产生足够强的磁场，使邻近的晶体可以相互吸引或排斥, 这些粒子间的相互作用可以改变晶体颗粒束所在的外围机体形状，而神经系统可以探测到单独的粒子束或一列粒子束的扩张或收缩，因此生物体就可以探测到磁场的方向以及强度等磁场参量。

Magnetic anisotropy of biomagnetite and magnetoreceptor

Magnetite distributes abroad and is a most important ferrous material in nature, and also distributes abroad in living bodies. Biomagnetites have pure crystal structure and most are superparamagnetic particles and single domain particles with obvious magnetic anisotropy. Magnetoreceptor exists in these living bodies with biomagnetite being the biophysics base. In this paper, from the point of view of physical characteristics of superparamagnetic particles and single domain particles, mainly from the point of view of magnetic anisotropy of them, the working mechanism of biomagnetite and magnetoreceptor are discussed. That is in some condition, by the effect of magnetic field sizable as geomagnetic, superparamagnetic particles and single domain particles can be induced to produce magnetic field enough to let crystals adjacent repel or attract, the effect of these particles can change the shape of the outer organic matter of these particles, so nerves can detect the outspread or shrinkage of these particles and then the living bodies can detect the direction and intension of outer magnetic field.