量子通信研究进展与应用

量子通信利用量子信道进行信息的编码、传输和处理，具有安全性高和信道容量高等特点。量子保密通信以信息安全为主要目的，包括量子密钥分发、量子安全直接通信和量子秘密共享等模式。利用量子纠缠，量子隐形传态根据事先已经分发的纠缠粒子对实现不传输实物粒子而传输未知粒子的状态，量子密集编码通过传输一个粒子而实现两个粒子信息的传输，这些是经典通信无法实现的任务。文章简单介绍量子通信的内容和进展情况。

Progress and applications of quantum communications

In quantum communication, information or signals are transmitted and processed quantum mechanically, with the advantages of high security and high capacity. The main objective of quantum secure communication is to protect the security of information. Quantum secure communication, or quantum cryptography, includes quantum key distribution, quantum secure direct communication, quantum secret sharing, and so on. With quantum entanglement, quantum teleportation can use prior distributed entangled pairs to transmit an unknown quantum state without transmitting the particle itself. Quantum dense coding can transmit the information encoded in two particles by just transmitting one particle. In classical communication, these tasks would be impossible. In this paper we briefly describe the current status of research in quantum communication.