稀薄里德伯原子气体中的两体纠缠

量子纠缠是量子信息处理和量子计算中不可或缺的物理资源,制备稳定可操控的量子纠缠是研究的热点之一.里德伯原子具有不同于普通中性原子的特点,长寿命和原子之间强烈的偶极相互作用,使得它成为量子信息处理和量子计算的最优候选者.本文在稀薄里德伯原子气体中,构建了空间四面体排布的里德伯原子模型(空间等距的四个原子模型),通过数值求解主方程来研究两体纠缠和里德伯激发的稳态和瞬态动力学性质,发现偶极阻塞机制下的量子纠缠最大,其他满足反偶极阻塞条件的高阶激发引起的纠缠较小,进而从理论上分析了这两种机制下量子纠缠的物理实质.

Two-body entanglement in a dilute gas of Rydberg atoms

Since the establishment of quantum mechanics, quantum entanglement has become one of the most important realms in quantum physics. On the one hand, it reflects some of the most fascinating features, such as quantum coherence, probability and non-locality and so on. On the other hand, it proves to be an indispensable resource of quantum information processing and quantum computation, which is considered to greatly promote the development of human science and technology. In the past decades, inspired by advances in quantum information theory and quantum physics, people have been searching for suitable systems with great enthusiasm to prepare the robust and manipulable quantum entanglement. Recently, Rydberg atoms have been considered to be a good candidate for many quantum information and quantum computation tasks. Compared with general neutral atoms, Rydberg atoms with large principal quantum number have several advantages in the quantum information and computation service. Firstly, they have finite lifetimes much larger than general neutral atoms, which indicates that the long-time entanglement between Rydberg atoms can be achieved. Secondly, due to the high-excitation level, Rydberg-excitation atoms have long-ranged dipole-dipole interaction much stronger than ground state atoms. This strong atomic interaction leads to the so-called blockade effect: when one atom is excited to Rydberg level, the excitation of the neighboring atoms will be strictly suppressed due to the energy shift induced by the strong atomic interaction. On the contrast, if the energy shift is compensated for by the detuning between the energy levels and the driven laser field, these atoms can be excited with higher probability simultaneously. These effects imply that Rydberg atoms provide an excellent platform for investigating the quantum information and quantum computation process, and many important achievements based on them have been achieved. Encouraged by these researches on entanglement and Rydberg atoms, in this paper, we study the steady-state and transient dynamical properties of two-body entanglement and the Rydberg-excitation properties in a dilute gas of Rydberg atoms, which can be represented by a tetrahedrally arranged interacting four-atom model. By solving numerically the master equation of four atoms involving Rydberg level, we investigate the higher-order Rydberg excitations and bipartite entanglement, which is estimated by concurrence. Our results show that the bipartite entanglement can only achieve its maximal value in the strongest dipole blockade regime rather than anti-blockade one (the high-order Rydberg excitations). Furthermore, the physical essence of quantum entanglement is analyzed theoretically in relevant regimes. Our work can naturally extend to more complicated atomic space structures, and might be treated as a good platform for fulfilling many quantum information tasks by employing the quantum entanglement.