Piezoelectric voltage of barium titanate with stabilized domains

In BaTiO₃ with unidirectional stabilized domains mechanical excitation causes a piezoelectric stress that is strongly asymmetrical with respect to the orientation of the electric field applied to the sample. The magnitude of the piezoelectric stress measured in the direction of polarization of the stabilized domains is usually greater than in the opposite direction. At a cyclic change in the weak electric field the dependence of the piezoelectric stress on this field is reflected in the shape of the asymmetric hysteresis loop.