Optical fabrication of three-dimensional photonic lattices in LiNbO3:Fe crystals with a single amplitude mask

We fabricate three-dimensional nonlinear photonic lattices in iron-doped lithium niobate photorefractive crystal for the first time by a single amplitude mask. The experimental setup of this method is very simple and flexible. The period of the lattices can be dominated easily. We analyze the three-dimensional photonic lattices by plane wave guiding and far field diffraction pattern imaging. The induced photonic lattices can exist stably for a long time in the photorefractive crystal.