Linear self-referenced complex-field characterization of fast optical signals using photonic differentiation

This paper reviews recent work on a new group of linear and self-referenced techniques for full (amplitude and phase) characterization of fast optical signals based upon the concept of photonic differentiation, generally referred to as ‘phase reconstruction using optical ultrafast differentiation’ (PROUD). These techniques are particularly well adapted for applications in the context of fiber-optics telecommunications. PROUD methods can be implemented using simple and practical optical fiber-based setups and they rely on a direct, non-iterative phase recovery numerical algorithm. They can be used over a very wide range of pulse time durations, from the sub-picosecond to the nanosecond regime, and they can provide measurements in a single shot and in real time with power sensitivities down to the microwatt level. Previously reported PROUD methods are treated here under a unified, single framework, facilitating their analysis and comparison.