Dietary‐flavonoid‐rich flowers of Rumex nervosus Vahl: Liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry profiling and in vitro anti‐inflammatory effects |
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Authors: | Gyeong Eun Hong Yun‐Hi Kim Won Sup Lee Soo Jung Lee Jong Sung Jin A M Abd El‐Aty Ho‐Chul Shin Jae‐Han Shim Sung Chul Shin |
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Institution: | 1. Research Institute of Life Sciences and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of HealthSciences and Gyeongnam Regional Cancer Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea;5. Division of High Technology Research, Busan Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea;6. Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;7. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt;8. Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea |
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Abstract: | Rumex nervosus is a plant species found widely in Eastern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. In addition to its uses in traditional medicinal, the plant shows various biological activities, such as antiviral, antibacterial, and antioxidant activity. In this study, nine flavonols, six flavones, three flavanones, and one flavanol were characterized from the flowers of R. nervosus using liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and literature data. Validation data indicated that the determination coefficients (R2) were ≥ 0.9914. The limits of detection and quantification were in the ranges of 0.15–1.24 and 0.50–4.13 mg/L, respectively. Recoveries at 10 and 50 mg/L were 71.1–110.2 and 65.4–115.1%, with relative standard deviations of 7.4–40.1 and 2.1–13.0%, respectively. Quercetin 3‐O‐rhamnoside ( 10 ) was the dominant component, contributing 30.8% of total flavonoids (1003.0 ± 26.2 mg/kg fresh flower sample), whereas luteolin 6‐C‐glucoside (3) was the lowest yielding compound (0.1%). The 19 flavonoids identified were characterized for the first time. In vitro anti‐inflammatory studies showed that this mixture can suppress the production of inflammatory mediators, including inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase‐2, kappa B inhibitor, and interleukin‐1β, by down‐regulating the nuclear factor‐kappa B and mitogen‐activated protein kinases pathways. The results of this study may provide information for processing R. nervosus as a potential source of functional food. |
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Keywords: | Anti‐inflammatory effects Flavonoids Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry Rumex nervosus |
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